What Churchill really thought about first-past-the-post
The words that Cameron and John Reid ignored today.
By George Eaton Published 18 April 2011 14:07
At his joint event with David Cameron this morning, John Reid became the latest No to AV figure to cite Winston Churchill's warning that the Alternative Vote was "the stupidest, the least scientific and the most unreal" of all voting systems.
It's always best to treat arguments from authority with a stiff dose of scepticism. But here's one Churchill quote that Reid and Cameron aren't so keen to draw attention to.
Churchill said of first-past-the-post:
The present system has clearly broken down. The results produced are not fair to any party, nor to any section of the community. In many cases they do not secure majority representation, nor do they secure an intelligent representation of minorities. All they secure is fluke representation, freak representation, capricious representation.
If you're going to quote Churchill in your favour, it's always best to do your homework first.
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28 comments
Ok what about looking at things in terms of who benefits? If I spend my time and energy intending to benefit one candidate - why should my original and best intention - my plan A, as it may be - end up sprinkled liberally amongst other candidates?
This AV system seems designed to put notions of collectives eg party politics, group pressures and lobbying etc before one's actual right to access and use our electoral system in the most direct and efficient manner ie in the manner we the individual member of the public might see fit. Individuals do exist actually and we count too.
I think first past the post is best -but I can see we need to triangulate things as it may be - by ensuring the power of individual members the public together with one's M.P's surgery is brought up to scratch- in terms of proper standardised Parliamentary forms and/or other bits of paper, proper accountability and responsibility of what elected members say, write and do (what about a time and motion study for M.P's?)
Personally I'm getting fed up with being expected to constantly go cap in hand as it seems to people who are elected , appointed or otherwise - going cap in hand means one ends up somehow manipulated into giving up one's most important rights as an individual just so somebody else can do their job properly, as we still have beggars in our democracy.
Overall this AV thing is making these kinds of communication difficulties worse, drawing the nations attention away from what's most important which is the modernisation of the set up between an M.P and their constituent in my view. It seems like casting one's bread on the water..surely this isn't the best way to inform and elect a government here in the UK.
Oops, I missed out an important "IF" int last post;
Personally I'm getting fed up with being expected to constantly go cap in hand as it seems to people who are elected , appointed or otherwise - going cap in hand means one ends up somehow manipulated into giving up one's most important rights as an individual just so somebody else can do their job properly, as IF we still have beggars in our democracy.
Cameron and the rest of the Money party compromised to have a referendum on AV, not wanting to go as far as letting us choose PR -- then says its a bad system.
You would avoid a restaurant that offers cat food or dog food when you want a curry...
AV is the best they'll let us choose from and it comes with a bitter pill of jerrymandering the constituencies. Lest they are impacted by the end of tactical voting and the beginning of a house of commons that reflects the popular vote. And hey, if the popular vote is reflected better we get less Tory slimeballs.
Disingenous, deceitful, Tory.
People who support FPTP are probably the same people who support the monarchy. They are the people who have made Britain the sad, inward-looking and unambitious country it is today. That they seem to make up the majority is a truly damning indictment.
If you want to see how backwards Britain is, then move away for a couple of years and see it from the outside.
Quoting Mrs.Josephine Hyde-Hartley:
"If I spend my time and energy intending to benefit one candidate - why should my original and best intention - my plan A, as it may be - end up sprinkled liberally amongst other candidates? "
The point is that while you may have put your time and energy into benefitting one candidate, over 50% of the electorate in your constituency may have put their time and energy into ensuring your preferred candidate was not elected. Should your candidate therefore be elected by virtue of the fact that the majority of the electorate are divided between multiple other candidates? Of course not.
I'll give you an example. If 11% of the voters in a constituency are passionately in favour of the BNP but 89% of the voters hate them. Should the BNP be able to win the seat with 11% of first preference votes because the other 89% of votes were distributed amongst 9 other parties? FPTP just doesn't produce fair results in a multi-party system, which is what we are beginning to develop in this country.
Of course, under AV you don't have to put any other preferences - if you like you can vote for your "plan A" and leave it at that.
I'm not sure I understand your point about the notion of collectives - can you be more explicit?
Finally, it is not the fault of AV that not enough energy is being spent on cleaning up politics. I don't see that they are mutually exclusive.
They did do their homework. Correspondingly they left out the bit that didn't support their case, as your chosen career requires you to do. Muppet.
What a weak 'article'.
You cannot quote one and remove parts of it. There is manipulating his view on it. Therefore this is not a weak article, rather a article that is clearly pointing out the facts that they cannot quote someone properly.
Voting reform is only part of the solution. One of the real problems is the concept of 'safe seats', whereby the plurality of the electorate in the constituency can be almost guaranteed to vote for the same party year in year out, decade in decade out. AV is linked to boundary reform, but the Boundary Commission really needs to be completely independent of government to avoid the possibility of a constituency of party A being abolished and merged into the two or three neighbouring constituencies of party B; thus ensuring that in future elections, party B will almost always win in the revised constituencies. By allowing second preference votes, i.e. "If my preferred party (B) came last, I'd prefer party (C) to be in charge rather than party (A)", the 60+% of the electorate of the revised constituencies that didn't vote for party A (i.e. voted for parties B and C) can still have a chance for their voice to be heard. Possibly.
No Giovanni, it's not that they cannot quote someone properly it's that they don't want to.
Cameron and Reid together in favour of FPTP, that's me a definate yes now.
I agree with Winston here - this AV idea is stupid because it makes one wonder how any one individual has a chance of winning on their own merit, fairly and squarely. AV is unscientific, at least in terms of positivism because of the confusion between which goal is subject to being scored, so to speak and which goal is the object of being scored - and therefore any person who may normally and quite reasonably expect to win an election would in my view find these reasonable intentions thwarted by an AV system which would render their rightful position unreal.
The rest of Churchills opinion quoted here could be solved by proper regulation of M.P's surgeries, including more seriously accountable and responsible acknowledgement and treatment of everything their constituents may tell them is important, which otherwise they may or may not take note of, please.
Josephine,
If you don't want to use your preferences you don't have to. Just vote for your first choice and leave the others blank.
Of course, if you do that and your candidate doesn't win you would have wasted your vote, just as happens now.
What is the original source of this quote?
Yes, since you are (rightly) lambasting the selective use of quotations, the least you could do is provide the source for this quote so we can view it in its original context. For all we know, he could have been talking about anything!
"V idea is stupid because it makes one wonder how any one individual has a chance of winning on their own merit, fairly and squarely".
Rubbish! Under AV the individual who wins will have to appeal to at least 50% of the electorate - unlike under FPTP. How is this not "winning fairly and squarely"?
Paul, why should it be reasonable that the candidate with the most (first) votes can lose, and the second or third candidate can win. My son put it well: that the candidate who nobody likes can win. He was amazed, and I am. In my mind there has to be an overpowering reason to change a well established system. And there isn't.
Just because you state something is not working, it does not mean you advocate anything or everything else!
That WC presented a balanced view that FPTP did not always return a representative outcome, but also said that AV is even more useless is to his credit. Although it would be interesting to know the political context of these comments and whether he changed tone/view depending on whether he was in or out of power, and which system he advocated or if he thought they were all wobbly and FPTP was actually the best of an undesirable selection.
I think we should drop this and look again at reform of the house of lords instead. FPTB for the Commons and a different system for the house of lords. This would give us a good mix of representation and make the Lords more relevant.
Graeme,
I don't like AV and I don't like FPTP but I don't want the referendum to be defeated.
Its important that a change, almost any change, is made after the damage done to our democracy by the scandals of the last 30 years. From the sleaze of Major to the expense scandals of the last government, not to mention the litany of broken promises that we have had from this compromise of a coaltion government that nobody really wanted.
AV won't put much of this right but any change, however minor, is preferable to leaving things as they are.
Mrs.Josephine Hyde-Hartley: Surely, it's in First past the post that "any person who may normally and quite reasonably expect to win an election would ... find these reasonable intentions thwarted". In a constituency where most voters lean to the right, if there's a Labour and a Tory candidate, the Tory would rightly expect to take the seat. But if a UKIP candidate also stands, under FPTP (but not AV), the Labour candidte is likely to win. Where's the justice in that, either for the voters or the candidates? The same applies in a left-leaning constituency if a SWP candidate stands: the Tory might pip the Labour candidate and frustrate the majority preference under FPTP but not under AV.
For anyone who wants a source for the quote, search for Churchill in http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/8prep10.txt
Graeme, under FPTP, it is frequently the case that a candidate wins despite the fact that a large majority of voters in the constituency voted against him. Consider, for instance, Pudsey (Yorkshire), where the Tories won with just 38.5% of the vote. In other words, 61.5% voted against them. Surely this is a case of a candidate who nobody likes winning. In what way is this democratic? FPTP would work better if there were just two parties. This is not the case though, and the present electoral system clearly doesn't work, in that it does not adequately reflect the preferences of the electorate. This strikes me as an overpowering to change it.
@Graeme
It is reasonable for the reasons outlined by Homo Sapiens and Dark Heart above. Say you have a constituency in which ten candidates stand. Under FPTP a candidate could technically win with 11% of the vote (which is absurd). What AV does is asks (in seats where no candidate gets over 50% of the vote) what would have happened if fewer candidates had stood. You take out the least popular candidate and the votes are re-counted. What's wrong with that?
@moronamid
Can you be more specific about what you think the electorate want that they are not getting from government? I sympathise with you in that I am not particularly happy with the governments we get but we live in a democracy and if that is what most people vote for/are willing to vote for there is not much I can do besides campaign for my point of view. Of course it can be argued that the vested interests of the rich and powerful skew democracy but I think the problem runs a lot deeper than politicians per se.
You're right that changing the voting system won't overcome all problems with politics but a fair voting system is surely a prerequisite for a functioning democracy even if it is not sufficient for one.
Churchill like many early 20th century progressives actually wanted STV. During the Speakers Conference of 1917 and 18 labour and the liberals wanted a mixed system of AV and STV, then during the debates in the house began to move to backing av, whereas the lords demanded the commons adopt STV. The provisions on voting reform collapsed out of the Representation of the Peoples Act due to parliamentary gamesman ship between the lords and commons. I think AV is a poor system, personally AV+ like Jenkins proposed or STV would be better, as if we go to AV smaller parties will slowly vanish from the Commons, starting with Lucas and the Greens. Is that really democratic? Exclusion of fringe opinions no matter how radical. AV sounds as though it'll create a blander and centrist politics which will lead to lower turnouts and more disconnect.
I can't see that it matters either way what Churchill thought about AV or FPTP. New Statesman readers will, of course, swear by 'Socialism is a philosophy of failure, the creed of ignorance, and the gospel of envy.'
He said similar things about 'democracy': not great but its the best we've got. Churchill never gave a straight answer to a simple question but blinded you with words, hoping to beat you into submission
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