Johann Hari and media standards
Why consistency matters.
By David Allen Green Published 29 June 2011 13:28
Johann Hari has now apologised for his "copy-and-paste" interviews.
It was right of him to do so, and it is encouraging for any mainstream media journalist to so promptly own up to mistakes and undertake not to repeat them. It may be that, for some, his apology does not go far enough. There may well still be questions unanswered and unfortunate examples yet to be unearthed (for example, see the New Statesman post by the excellent Guy Walters here).
However, now that Johann Hari has apologised, one wonders if many who rushed to his support should apologise too.
There were many liberal, rational, and atheistic writers and pundits who defended him on Twitter on terms they would never have extended to a conservative, religious, or quack writer or pundit exposed as making a similar sort of mistake.
Naming names would be inflammatory; and they, and their followers, know who they are. What is important here is the basic principle of consistency and its value.
Just imagine had it been, say, Peter Hitchens, Garry Bushell, Richard Littlejohn, Rod Liddle, Toby Young, Guido Fawkes, Melanie Phillips, Damian Thompson, Daniel Hannan, Christopher Booker, Andrew Roberts, Nadine Dorries, and so on, who had been caught out indulging in some similar malpractice.
Would the many liberal or atheistic writers and pundits who sought to defend (or "put into perspective") Hari have been so charitable? Of course not.
That Hari is one of our leading liberal and rationalist polemicists is irrelevant if, as he has now admitted and apologised for, he was making a systematic mistake in his approach to one part of his prolific journalism.
Consistency is a virtue. One cannot attack - in any principled terms - the reactionary and the credulous, the knavish and the foolish, for a casual approach to sources, data, and evidence, or for disregarding normal journalistic standards, if when it is a leading liberal writer that is caught out it is somehow exceptional. It simply smacks of shallow partisanship.
And it is worse than that, for inconsistency also undermines the normative claims for the superiority of a liberal and critical approach.
How can one sensibly call out the "other side" on any given issue in terms which one would not apply to one's "own side"?
It may well be that one's response to the "Johann Hari question" indicates the weight (or discount) which should now be placed on any writer or pundit who complains of bad media practices.
Perhaps the question will linger: "But what would they have said about Hari doing the same?".
David Allen Green was shortlisted for the 2010 George Orwell Prize for blogging and was co-judge of the same in 2011.
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41 comments
People that care about facts have known Hari doesn't care about facts for a long time.
As David A-G says above, this is becoming a key divide between London's journalists: do you care about truth or ideology? For ideologues, a "good chap" lying in a "good cause" appears fine.
Which of course it is not.
The British media is stuffed full of ignorance and mistruth, and in recent years the Left has fallen foul of this cancer. It's a good thing he's been found out, it will serve to warn others that journalism still has ethics. It is a terrible thing that he hasn't been sacked.
"Would the many liberal or atheistic writers and pundits who sought to defend (or "put into perspective") Hari have been so charitable? Of course not"
Well of course not, because they would be opposed to what was being written, but I'm certain much of the right would have done.
Quite often in the pat I found myself reading and agreeing with Hari's articles, not just the 'interviews'. I'd like to be able to defend his writing, but there is no way on earth that anyone can defend what, on the face of it, is a at best messing with events.
Political journalists and columnists seek to do a job which by it's very nature is to inform a debate in a democracy which influences people at all levels. To do that, you need to trust that the writer is not embellishing in any way what so ever. I condemn Hari with the same gusto that I condemn anyone else who manipulate the factual accuracy of their output.
Yes, you can write a philosophical PhD on the meaning of the word truth. But in some cases like this you can't ignore that the truth is black and white. He should be sacked. No question of it.
>That Hari is one of our leading liberal and rationalist polemicists is irrelevant
I'd say that the key word there is polemicist, and that he shows all of these qualities pretty routinely:
>the credulous, the knavish and the foolish, a casual approach to sources, data, and evidence, or for disregarding normal journalistic standards,
I rarely read Hari opinion pieces because it becomes an opinion in fact checking to see if there's any basis for the opinion.
I've had a decent respect for pieces where Hari has taken time to do his research properly - I'd mention his feature on female circumcision in Africa as an example - but I now have question marks over the vox pop quotes in those.
I didn't see many folk defending Hari. I saw several putting his actions into context and arguing that they were not plagiarism or misrepresentation. Is that what you're calling defence? Why?
I wonder what Johann Hari would say about the people who defended him yesterday? Fortunately, we don't have to look far. He would hate it. He already said so, and told us how to respond:
"There is one particular type of bad argument that has always existed, but it has now spread like tar over the world-wide web. When you have lost an argument - when you can't justify your case, and it is crumbling in your hands - you snap back: "But what about x?" You then raise a totally different subject, and try to get everybody to focus on it - hoping it will distract attention from your own deflated case. "
Read Johann Hari's full article on 'How To Spot A Lame, Lame Argument' here: http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/johann-hari/johann-har...
He's only apologising because he's been 'caught'
I said something along the lines of 'put this into perspective' early on.
And I stand by that position, to an extent. There are degrees of wrongness, and Hari isn't the worst offender. But this has gone from being an issue of failing to attribute some sources, to what looks increasingly like systemic plagiarism, poor attribution and perhaps even downright lies.
That, I won't defend. I said from the start that what he did was wrong, but this now looks to go beyond what a weak apology can remedy. As a regular reader and fan of his, this uncomfortable to say, but he should return his Orwell Prize.
Yes, this has been a rather disappointing episode on many levels, from Hari's bad practice and poor behaviour to the mealy mouthed rubbish coming from people I greatly respect, like Ben Goldacre.
Having said that, the sight of odious twerps like Toby Young gleefully jumping on the bandwagon is mildly nauseating.
I think the point is that when a right-wing journalist does it (e.g. Martin Durkin consistently mis-representing people in his documentary the "Great Global Warming Swindle") it barely makes a splash, but when a left-wing journalist does it there's an almighty crash from the right. And the idea of a right-wing publication equivalent of the New Statesmen then publishing an article like this is laughable.
David, I *long* for the day that we criticise Nadine Dorries for reading an entire book on Marxism in order to better represent the point an interviewee is trying to make.
Seriously, though, I don't see what's so bad in saying that what Johann Hari did sounds like sharp practice - and I hope he wouldn't do it again - but that it is not comparable to say, the News of the World hacking scandal or the actions of Jayson Blair.
As for extending the same latitude to "people we don't agree with", I think that's absolutely right. If, say, Peter Hitchens had done this, I hope I'd say exactly the same - it's sharp practice, but it's not a hanging offence.
It sounds to me as if we should be arguing for more forgiveness for everyone's mistakes, rather than ramping up the vitriol dished out to both sides.
We often trust people only because they're vaguely on the right team, irrespective of what they actually say. Critical thinking switches off. This always ends in tears. The bad guys occasionally are right, the good guys wrong...
All exacerbated by ambition - anyone who gets a decent job writing probably has the same faults as Douglas Adams noted for politicians.
I concur with mattwardman in viewing Hari as a noteworthy and responsible journalist when he researches and questions an issue but not worthy of note when in polemicist mode (which includes most of his economic commentary). Liberal he most certainly is and inspiring when banging that particular drum but rational he very frequently is not I'm afraid.
The hypocritical response was expected, however, Laurie Penny's unwarranted accusations of homophobia were hilarious.
Homophobia, ha ha. But seriously though, another story broke yesterday which is in danger of being buried in Hari news: Spectator apologizes for Melanie Phillips article. Lest we forget
"An apology to Alastair Crooke
A blog by Melanie Phillips posted on 28 January 2011 reported an allegation that Alastair Crooke, director of Conflicts Forum, had been expelled from Israel and dismissed for misconduct from Government service or the EU after threatening a journalist whose email he had unlawfully intercepted. We accept that this allegation is completely false and we apologise to Mr Crooke."
@David Allen Green
"I am sorry I did not write the post you would have written if you were me. Why not write the post you would like me to have written yourself?"
My criticism is not that your post fails to ventriloquise my views, it was more that I thought it lacking in your usual attention to subtlety.
I just think that it's a bit much to assign political motivations to anyone who attempts to contextualise the issue, especially when many of these same people have fully accepted that Hari was at fault.
I think the problem here is that what he did wrong was misrepresented repeatedly, and now a lot of people apparently think that he "made things up" or misrepresented people, for which there isn't much evidence.
It's also unattractive to watch macho pile-ups on people on twitter, especially when you have to watch middle aged men behaving like teenage boys (naming no names of course - that would be inflammatory). I like to think I'd feel the same about an equivalent attack on a conservative journalist who had done a similar thing, but of course I can't be sure.
Other than that, what Helen L-H said.
@ tgreenan
Sorry, but that will simply not wash. There was very little misrepresentation. Indeed, the popular #interviewsbyhari meme focused in on the insertion of previously published quotes in a supposed interview setting. So "what he did wrong was misrepresented repeatedly" is rather wishful thinking on your part.
And as for your ad hom, readers will note that there is no ad hom in my post.
There was no need.
Although I do think the twitter pile-on was unedifying for most involved on the attack, including yourself, I am sorry about the ad hom (pedantically - it was more of a petty insult than an ad hom given that it wasn't really part of an argument). I was possibly trying to one-up some of the snarkiness I saw on your twitter feed yesterday (and it was a scan of it so I may have misinterpreted things). You're right that there was no need, it was pointlessly harsh, and it's a bad habit that I'm trying to stop.
I don't really understand your point so maybe I'm going to miss it spectacularly here, but I'm going to try and address it anyway. There was and has been plenty of misrepresentation, if you take Hari's account of it at face value (maybe you don't). The basic form of the joke misrepresented the issue:
Joke - Hari takes a quote, inserts it into a completely invented interview setting (supposed interview setting) apropos of nothing and completely mangles the meaning.
Reality (according to Hari) - carefully subbing one quote for an exactly equivalent quote in an actual interview setting (not a supposed interview setting).
I actually didn't really mind the jokes. Some of them were funny, and they don't really have to be totally accurate as they are jokes. I disliked the explicit misrepresentation, which has happened on twitter and in the comment threads. I've heard people saying that he makes stuff up "on the hoof" which is untrue (this was some twitter user quoted in one of the Dan Sabbagh Graun articles from yesterday). People have said that he is a plagiarist, also untrue in my view. People have acted as if he plucked the stuff surrounding the copied-and-pasted quotes ("he looked down and said quietly..." and so on) out thin air, which again he says is untrue.
I don't think what he did was great even under his own explanation, but it has clearly been misrepresented, repeatedly and in a wide variety of different ways. I agree with Kelner that a lot of the stuff has been from people fabricating a sense of outrage at someone who they basically already hate - I like him but clearly a lot of people don't at all, and I can see why - and using it as an excuse for a pile on. As for "wishful thinking", I'm not sure what I'm supposed to be wishing for but I don't think that's true or fair either.
Eesh, apologies for length. I felt like I needed to clear up what I meant and I couldn't really do it any more concisely.
"Reality (according to Hari) - carefully subbing one quote for an exactly equivalent quote in an actual interview setting (not a supposed interview setting)."
Erm - no quote is an exact equivalent of another quote.
One thing can be a paraphrase of another, and in some contexts that's fine, but in the context of an interview I really don't think it is.
If I'm reading an interview with Gerry Adams or whoever, I want to know what Gerry Adams said, in the interview room, in response to questions. I want to know how he responds to being asked things.
Does he fumble around for the right answer? Does he expound at length, or reply in clipped, Laconic phrases? Is he eloquent? Does he dodge questions?
Hari says that he himself is more eloquent in writing than in person. Well, a lot of people are. I am. But not everyone is and I don't know if Gerry Adams is; I want to know.
If you take the paraphases-are-fine theory to its logical conclusion, a paraphrase of a great novel would still be a great novel. It wouldn't. It only would be, if the paraphraser were themselves a great writer.
People have styles too, just like books, I want to know the interviewees style, in person, if I wanted to read them I'd read them.
David, as has been pointed out, to insert nuance into the rabid twitter witch-hunt is not necessarily to defend the practice for which Hari is being rightly criticised.
Many take the view that this incident does not wholly discredit him as a journalist. His 'defenders' also point out that the purpose of substituting quotes was to make things clearer for the reader, not to mislead them or to misrepresent an interviewee. This is undeniably different to Melanie Phillips inserting made up allegations in her blog to make someone appear anti-semitic. It is not inherently political to point out the difference between the practices of Phillips and Hari, it is merely factual.
Very few of his 'defenders' have said that his ‘interview etiquette’ is acceptable, in my opinion it was at its best disingenuous. However the Twitter firestorm, as so often is the case, put aside any element of nuanced criticism in favour of gleeful lynch-mobbery. As a self described skeptic, it would have been nice for you to have highlighted the nuance that was lacking in this whole affair. It is regrettable that you have actively sought to attack those that didn't engage in unmitigated criticism as being politically motivated. This does not befit skepticism; rather it is punctuated with careless assumptions, specifically regarding the intentions of Hari’s supposed ‘defenders’.
@ David Allen Green
With regards to the "misrepresentation" issue, on another one of the NS blogs, Guy Walters says this (in the comments):
"Anybody can cobble together someone's autobiog and few other pieces, insert some 'looking out the window' (a Hari favourite) or a drawn on a cigarette, and viola! Instant exclusive interview! The red tops do it all time, and they're excoriated for it, so why not Hari?"
http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/guy-walters/2011/06/chavez-hari-interv...
Do you think that's misrepresenting what he's done (genuinely curious)? To me it reads very very differently to Hari's account (whether you take that seriously or not is another question).
@ Neuroskeptic
"Erm - no quote is an exact equivalent of another quote."
Good point, I worded that clumsily. But I'm sure you know what I was getting at (substitute 'exactly' for 'essentially' if you like). The rest of your post is all well and good, but it's a personal preference as to what you want from an interview. Not everyone would necessarily feel the same (I agree with you for interviews of people I already know stuff about, I agree with Hari for interviews of people with interesting ideas that I don't know much about). It doesn't seem to me that it is a matter of professional ethics, or that your way is the only acceptable way of running an interview. I think we'd have a more boring press if everyone had to do everything in the same style. As you can probably tell, I actually have a lot of sympathy with his "intellectual portrait" defence.
One can only assume this journalist isn't employed to make systematic mistakes. That would be impertinent and far too easily corruptible I dare say. One wonders if he does what he does for a living as a worker or as a reasonable common citizen.
And to my mind what Hari has to say by way of some kind of apology seems astonishingly impertinent. As he apparently believes;
"Because an interview is not just an essayistic representation of what a person thinks; it is a report on an encounter between the interviewer and the interviewee."
In my view what he has done is taken available information from another historical context - an event that wasn't actually part of his relevant remit (in terms of accountability and responsibility, time and space and other basic background stuff) -and rigorously reportrayed or even betrayed what really happened- leaving the reader none the wiser.
What staggering arrogance.
Did you just write an article pointing out the phenomenon that people are more likely to forgive/defend bad behaviour from people they like than people they don't? Honestly?
Wow, before now I assumed humans were rational people who ignored emotional ties to others. But you've opened my eyes, David.
So you mean to say the mothers of defendants who stand outside court saying their son is innocent might not have reviewed all the evidence and instead speaking from their maternal love? Christ. This changes EVERYTHING!
Except that some of those you named *have* been caught out lying, and have not apologised. And their friends have kept closed ranks even when face with unequivocal evidence.
So where does that leave the principle of consistency?
"@davidallengreen:
Drawing a line on Hari business is right, even if it means I bin my NS post on all the "liberal critical" tweeters who made excuses for him."
Didn't quite land in the bin, did it David? Your ego gave way in the end.
There's been commentary on Hari's 'creative' interviewing - find a 'quote' somewhere else, which may or may not be reproduced accurately and may or may not represent your interviewee's contemporary opinion, and lie about the context by claiming it was given to you complete with hand-on-knee or whatever invented 'personalisation'.
I'm equally interested in Hari and partial arguments in comment columns built on a convenient subset of the factual record, ignoring the bits that don't support the desired line.
For Hari read Laws.
I'm with Adam Grace, perhaps because he's displaying the nuanced perspective which I normally expect of DavidAllenGreen, and so I'm particularly surprised by the latter's response in the comments.
Personally, I'm disappointed in Hari. I could forgive the occasional replacing of a less articulate quote with a more articulate one from the interviewee's bio, if Hari accepted it was wrong for misleading the reader and promised not to do it again. If it was by someone right wing who you mention above, then I'd be nonplussed as I'd be far more angry with their blatant lies or misrepresentations. After all, Hari did not (according to his apology) make stuff up completely or take things out of context to portray someone in a way that was unfair. All he appears to have done, in essence, was rewrite a quote he got a bit better. Bad practice indeed, but hardly scandalous.
However, as time goes by and more revelations are uncovered, particularly wholesale copying of quotes from other interviews, it undermines his credibility and calls into question whether he is as good an interviewer (for which in part he has received the praise that has elevated him to such a stature) as those others who elicited the "better" or more articulate replies. Which is a shame.
This may have a silver lining if it ensures that he is as rigorous as possible with his future pieces - both interviews and polemical writing. But it may also have irreparably damaged his career.
"Naming names would be inflammatory". Not really: naming names would back up your argument with facts and enable your readers to assess independently whether your account of these currently unnamed people's writings is accurate, and how widespread such a phenomenon is. That is what good journalists do. Without it, your readers have no idea whether you are creating a straw man or not. I think you should name names.
@Steve
Hi, sorry about your ad hom attack on me. But I suppose that is all you have got.
It was Guy Walters's post which changed my mind, as my Twitter feed indicated. But, of course, you must have missed that.
@ tgreenan
First (by your own admission) you insult me, and then you ask me to help you sort out you rambling thoughts?
Wow.
@AB
That is why I stated clearly that the purpose of this post was merely to articulate and assert a principle.
It is open to you to conclude that the principle is of no application or is trivial.
Had I named names, it was even less likely that the principle I am putting forward would be sensibly discussed.
@ Adam Grace
I am sorry I did not write the post you would have written if you were me. Why not write the post you would like me to have written yourself?
It seems to be a matter of honesty and Hari seems to lack.
@ Simon
My point is simply that those who use the rhetoric of a principled approach should be seen to apply it generally.
I do not know Hari. But if it was my friend under attack, I would either apply the same principles I expect from others, or I would just shut up.
@ David Allen Green
Did I ask you to help clarify my thoughts (rambling and deranged as they may be)? I must have missed that part. But obviously there would be no point asking you to point out where I did. How presumptuous of me that would be. Anyway, I don't need any help thanks.
There has been misrepresentation going on left right and centre, including by your colleagues at the NS. You deny it, insult me in turn, and refuse to engage, so I don't know what I could possibly do to demonstrate it. I doubt you really care one way or the other.
I'm glad my apology was so graciously accepted as well. I'm glad I bothered. Another victory for civility on the internet.
Fair point. I'm a fan of most of Hari's writings, and when I found out what he had done, I was upset and felt - however irrationally - a little betrayed. As a freelance journo myself, I know how important it is to quote people accurately - not just to C+P what they have written elsewhere.
If you want to quote from books or other interviews in a long profile piece, fine, go ahead - just make damn sure you attribute your sources. Hari could have done that ("Elsewhere, Negri has written that: 'blah blah', and today he expounds on that point: 'blah blah blah'") without any trouble so he deserves a lot of the criticism he is receiving.
New evidence that blows Hari out of the water:
http://islamversuseurope.blogspot.com/2011/06/more-evidence-of-johann-ha...
And it's not just the quotes.
Negri's publisher Rowan Wilson had accused Hari of making up some of the details which are supposed to show that Negri is rude and a bit shifty.
http://deterritorialsupportgroup.wordpress.com/2011/06/20/hari-kari-ii-a...
I wish Hari's supporters would stop saying what a good writer he is, if he makes up the 'writerly' bits too. Or at least encourage him to move into fiction.