Nelson Jones

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What the church owes to secular feminism

Rowan Williams's campaign to ordinate women bishops.

Rowan Williams. Photograph: Getty Images
Rowan Williams. Photograph: Getty Images

Ahead of the Synod vote scheduled for 20th, Rowan Williams has "launched a campaign" to secure what would be his most significant legacy, the ordination of women as Anglican bishops.

The outgoing Archbishop of Canterbury has always supported women bishops in principle, but progress has been glacially slow during his ten years at Lambeth Palace.  His hope now, as he prepares to step down at the end of the year, is that a formula has finally been found that will keep opponents of the move reasonably happy without alienating the majority of church members who want to see full equality in the priesthood.  The title of his latest article suggests a certain impatience with the process: "Enough Waiting."

Writing in the Church Times,  Williams is careful to make his argument in terms of the Bible and church history, writing that since all Christians are supposed to be one in Jesus Christ it would be "inconsistent to exclude in principle any baptised person from the possibility of ordained ministry."  He further suggests that, having made women priests already, to prevent them from occupying the senior leadership role of bishop makes nonsense of the "organically unified" nature of ordained ministry.  He argues that "a Church that ordains women as priests but not as bishops is stuck with a real anomaly."

Some might find it equally anomalous to for the church to have women as members but not as clergy, given that Christians are supposed to be equal in the sight of God and Rowan Williams seems to agree.  But surely the reason that women bishops (or even priests) ever came to be an issue has less to do with theology, however obvious it may now seem that equality is an important Christian principle, than about history.  St Paul wrote almost two thousand years ago that "there is there is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, but all are one in Christ", but slavery and gender discrimination persisted for many centuries.  Many Christians protested against the slave trade, but others (including the Church of England itself) actually owned slaves. 

As for sexual equality, that is so recent a phenomenon - if indeed it exists - that there are people still alive who were born before women in Britain got the vote.  And far from being in the vanguard of change, the churches have been among the last institutions to open their professional doors to women, and some (notably the Roman Catholic Church) have become more rather than less trenchant in their opposition to an equal ministry in recent years.

Rowan Williams comes close to acknowledging this.  "We must be honest," he writes, "and admit that without secular feminism we might never have seen the urgency of this or the inconsistency of our previous position."  It is possible to find antecedents to modern ideas of gender equality in Christian history, but they're hardly mainstream.  Some scholars would argue that women played a leading role in the early church, and may even have enjoyed a status equivalent to later priests or bishops, though the evidence for this is patchy.  Less controversially, there were Christian sects at around the time of the English civil war in which women preached and held leadership positions.  These were, however, generally seen as fringe or heretical, at best as somewhat eccentric. 

Some of these groups survived, most notably the Quakers, and Quakers did indeed play a significant role in later campaigns for women's rights.  Most churches, though, remained influenced by tradition and by those passages in the Bible that stress the difference between men and women and recommend a subordinate role for the latter.  The best that can be said is that the churches were not obviously worse than most other institutions.  There were no women priests or bishops, but there were no women doctors, judges or members of Parliament either.  The church was part of society, and reflected its general assumptions. 

What happened?  I would suggest that it was secularism that drove a wedge between the churches and the wider world.  It became natural to interpret changes in society that owed nothing to Christianity as being anti-religious, and therefore as something that Christians should reject. Modern feminism has indeed been largely a secular phenomenon, while the Christian churches have been among the strongest bastions of a traditional view of women's role.  The cycle has proved difficult to break.

At its best, Christianity has been on the cutting edge of culture, challenging old assumptions and asking questions of those in power, providing a voice to the voiceless.  At its worst, it has been reactionary and an ally of reaction, propping up tyrants and fighting to preserve its own privileges.  That remains true today.  When it finally votes to ordain women as bishops, the Church of England will be following the secular world rather than leading it, but the alternative is to turn its back and render itself increasingly irrelevant.

15 comments

ROY TERRY's picture

Nelson Jones omits mention of the non-conformist chuirches and notably of The Salvation Army which acknowledged the equal role of women from its inception thanks to the stand taken by Catherine Booth.

ROY TERRY's picture

Nelson Jones omits mention of the non-conformist chuirches and notably of The Salvation Army which acknowledged the equal role of women from its inception thanks to the stand taken by Catherine Booth.

Keir's picture

'Nelson Jones omits mention of the non-conformist chuirches'

"Oh, drat!" says Rowan. "Why didn't I think of that? And now I've gone and resigned. Fiddlesticks."

If you were thinking of sneaking past the theology of it, Roy, you won't be believed. There are none on the face of the planet more expert at biblical theology than Anglican evangelicals, and the free churches have no secret solutions to the problem. They never did. It's _because_ Anglican evangelicals have the highest scholarly and personal reputations to uphold that Rowan is stuck where he is. The Vatican, before Europe was liberated from its grip, had enough trouble suppressing women, though its motive was not biblical, but political. But Protestantism, that ostensibly sourced its beliefs to the Bible, not politics, could find no justification to promote women alongside men. When it has done so it has been with rather sly dishonesty and hypocrisy.

Nelson has more nous than to mention those awful mavericks, anyway. For one thing, nobody much notices free churches today. Many of them caved in to secular pressure decades ago. You can hear a United Reformed, Methodist or perhaps even Baptist female preaching the same godawful twaddle that males preach, at a venue near you. But that doesn't count when those imposing people in weird hats are all men. The public is highly impressionable, you see, and is in 'hushed awe' of those hats. At least, that's the idea. Though whether Nelson wants women to wear them in order to devalue the awe and the hush, to eventually let it be swept away, is unclear. So the maverick church, with low social kudos, religious status or even downright invisibility is one thing. An established church, part of the Establishment, with active participation in the political and social process, is another. The jolly old Sally Army, best known to beer drinkers, is just not to be compared with it, really. Don't blame me, none of it is my idea.

In any case, what you might have noticed, having dutifully read the whole short thread, is that the 'non-conformists' (what a revealing word) don't have diocesan bishops. A 'non-conformist' can by definition go to the church in the next street if he doesn't want to hear a woman preacher. The Anglican can't do that. This is why the concept of 'flying bishops' was introduced, to permit those who insist on male bishops to stay in the CoE with good conscience. But of course the feminists see that the authority of women bishops would be fatally damaged by that. It would be worse than the status quo.

Though, by and large, most members of free churches did not have to move churches before the 20th century. Until recently, most of them were just as biblical on the role of women as Anglican evangelicals. The strong and well-publicised impetus for change in this respect has been very recent, and exactly simultaneous with the rise of feminism generally, in the media and the workplace; and this has all been inspired by mercenary capitalists and crooked 'scholarship'; not all by discovery of some long-hidden secret in theology.

It was the Bible that plainly told the church member that this was not possible, and he or she accepted it. Women could be prophets, yes, but prophets and prophetesses do not speak on their own accounts; rather, they reveal the non-scriptural utterances of deity, simply; without interpretation, as a teacher does of the Scripture. (Not that a real prophet would either want to stay long in a denomination, or be tolerated in one.) Deborah was a judge, true, but as a rebuke to Israel, whose men were at that time too pathetic and faithless. If Junia(s) was a woman, rather than a man, and there is no compelling reason to believe that Junia was female, then, with Andronicus, she may have been well-known _by_ the apostles, as Aquila and Priscilla were, not _as_ apostles. This is quite likely, since Paul was writing to a church he had never visited, and the reported feelings of prominent members of other churches would have been of particular value and comfort. If she was accounted apostle, it may have been because she was married to an apostle, and was apostle in an informal sense in that she assisted an apostle. It is unlikely that Paul would have greeted one man and one woman in the same 'breath' unless they were married. Though, that both had been in prison with Paul suggests that both were men, anyway. The very flimsiness of this argument demonstrates the desperation of the whole position. Only an explicit statement that women can lead men would suffice, and then of course it would flatly contradict explicit Scripture. It's contemptible, to be quite honest. Mountain out of a mole-hill. Case dismissed, with costs.

Turnip Ghost's picture

So now, of course, with women bishops the C of E As By Law Established will boom? Sure: considering current ordination and education trends, you'll have a majority of clergy female by 2030. Great. So clergy will follow "secretary" and "nurse" and "teacher" and "social worker" as majority-female jobs, auxiliary incomes, marginalized "professions". It's been legal for women to be computer programmers, engineers, physicians, physicists, chemists for generations. Why are these still majority male professions when women's ordination was barely 20 years ago? Any clues at all?

Pavlova's picture

Women would make excellent priests and bishops. Why do you think men had to make up rules to stop them being those things?

You ony have to stop people from being something if they want to be something. You ony have to introduce negative propaganda about them when they are better at it than you are.

Pavlova's picture

I'm hopeful that the days of Christianity are numbered. Women were better represented in pre-Christian European religions and I hope they have a resurgence. The woman-hating, patriarchal, middle-eastern religions have all caused untold misery to European women through the centuries.

And now imagine growing up believing that you're a lesser type of human in God's eyes, that you were invented to serve the other type of human, the effects of that are profound and it's something most European girls will hear again and again.

It's no coincidence, in my view, that Scandinavian women have a higher status and self-esteem than those in more southerly European countries as they resisted this noxious doctrine for a further 1000 years.

Pavlova's picture

If a woman feels called by God to lead and interpret, then who do men think they are to stand in His or her way?

Keir's picture

Some men think that women are very welcome indeed to do as they like within the law, though they can do it without their presence.

Pavlova's picture

But I bet those men think God's on their side when they go off and sulk. A calling is a calling isn't it? Or do these men think they know better?

Keir's picture

They sulk? I don't think there is the least sign of that. They obviously don't think that women are called, or can be called. Do these men think they know better? They think, or say, that God knows better, and they have the Bible in support; which others do not. The Bible is, after all, the official basis of faith of the CoE, so the pertinent question is, who do feminists think they are, even being in the church? It's every bit as absurd as car thieves demanding a say in the church. Though I'm not saying that feminism is a criminal offence, before any person thinks fit to say that I am. But in what others call churches, feminism does not exist. One is shown the door if one even suggests its validity.

Saying that one has a call is not enough. A call can be imagined. Some would say that all Anglican clerics imagine their call, because Anglicanism itself is an impossible compromise with the world, and always was. Imv all Anglican 'calls' are pure imagination, because of this very compromise, that deity could not possibly engender. The motivation is usually something to do with an unhealthy desire to control others, either for reason of psychological inadequacy or for political reasons.

The New Testament does not make any mention of call, but rather of desire to have oversight. And it does not promise a soft job, a salary, special clothing, and being called 'Reverend', which have undoubtedly been attractions. Or training. It simply lists the personal qualities that men must have in order to have oversight, and they are nothing more than the qualities that every mature Christian man should have. So there is no reason whatever for any healthy man not to become a Christian bishop or elder (they are the same role), one of several in his local church, at some time. There is no permanency about this; one man may be a bishop in one town, but not when he moves house to another. He may be a bishop for a few years, but give it up if others are available to do the work. And work it is, not a status, or an office, or a caste membership. I don't think that many Anglican clerics would be too interested in the real job description. Though admittedly, they are having to work very hard now.

Philippa2's picture

There is reasonable evidence of women priests and bishops in the early, pre-schism world wide church.

One book which might be helpful/informative is:-
When Women Were Priests: Women's Leadership in the Early Church and the Scandal of Their Subordination in the Rise of Christianity - Karen J. Torjesen

Read it and see what you think.

Keir's picture

'There is reasonable evidence of women priests and bishops in the early, pre-schism world wide church.'

A fatuous lie fathered by nincompoop 'scholars' paid by invasive capitalism that wets itself at the idea of male working class capability. Every argument put forward by feminists has totally failed, and is seen to be mendacious if not hopelessly incompetent. If it were otherwise, Rowan would not have resigned. But he has resigned, because there is not one scrap of respectable evidence that presbyters, aka overseers or episkopoi, later known in English as bishops, were female, Philippa. (There is no distinction in the NT between 'priests' and bishops. This is purely an inessential distinction that Anglican scholars have long admitted. And there are no priests in the Roman caste sense in the CoE anyway, which you probably did not realise, either. It's you who needs to do the reading.) There never has been evidence of female church leadership; the Vatican, that considers itself to be the very acme of expertise on tradition, has never been faced with historic evidence for female leadership over men. So do stop pretending that you just discovered something that 600+ years of scholarship never did, like the young think they invented sex.

Some Anglicans are smart, y'know. They learned to read, just like Joe Public. Right to the ends of sentences. There is clear, unequivocal Bible instruction that any who attempt to encourage female leadership over men are to be ignored. In effect, ejected from the church. On fundamental, non-negotiable grounds, making appeal to local influence or social change only successfully shooting oneself in the foot for being unable to read properly.

So, if the CoE is to be apostolic, Williams can leave right now, and take his to-be-ignored heretics and trouble-makers with him.

If, otoh, the CoE is just another government department, as many already suspect, women will be 'bishops'. And then everyone will laugh.

You cannot win, Philippa. You can rule a village pond, but never the oceans.

Keir's picture

I cannot believe my eyes. 'Ordinate' is the least of the problems. Drivel, from one source or another. Does Rowan really suppose that elementary theology recognised since John Wyclif in the 14th century will be, can be ignored by the CoE? Is he too old for the job, anyway? Or just not feeling well? That women have the same value as men as persons has never meant that they have equal functionality in the church, or in marriage, for that matter. Not all the lucre and half-baked journalism, not all the pompous parliaments and presidents can change that. Anglicans and timorous hangers-on, make your change, if you like, if you can, and carry on dreaming, as fools do. Dream your way to oblivion.

As you have been told, Nelson, there is a telling difference between a presbyter (yes, learn a little Latin, and the difference) and a bishop in the CoE, because Anglicans can pick their presbyters; but not their bishops, without moving home. Remember? Poor Rowan has realised this, after ten years of bashing his head against the problem, but evidently it has just slipped his mind. You're supposed to pick up and expose these tricky points in the ramblings of ageing prelates, Nelson; not abet them, propagandise for them.

What a shambles. What a way to go out.

Keir's picture

Whatever follows the world is not the church.

Richard Fish's picture

"Ordinate"? What went wrong with "ordain"?

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