In Europe, liberals always dine with conservatives
The Lib Dems' sister parties have long-standing alliances with the right.
By James Dawson Published 28 September 2012 15:21
As the Liberal Democrats debate the political position of their party and the future of the coalition, a look at other EU nations shows a notable tendency for liberal parties to ally with conservatives.
In France, the Radical Party has a long-standing electoral alliance with the centre-right and even sits within the European People’s Party in the EU Parliament. In addition, many of the Lib Dems' colleagues in the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group are distinctly pro-conservative.
Most outspoken is German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle, who resigned as leader of the liberal Free Democrats in 2011. Ahead of the 2009 German federal election, he told Der Spiegel that a coalition with the SPD or the Greens was "out of the question". He went on to argue that the left-wing parties promoted "ever greater burdens on citizens".
In Sweden, the Social Democrats are kept out of power by a right-wing electoral pact, The Alliance, which includes two ALDE affiliates, the Liberal People's Party and the Moderates.
In the Netherlands, the position of the liberals is even more outlandish. The main liberal party and, since 2010, the biggest party in the Dutch parliament, the VVD, lurched to the right in the 1970s under the leadership of Hans Wiegel. Perhaps more properly described today as conservative-liberal, it nevertheless remains allied with the Lib Dems within the ALDE group. The Netherland’s other liberal party, Democracy 66, the progressive remnant of Dutch liberalism, has itself propped up conservative governments, most recently from 2003-06.
The Lib Dems are correct in identifying liberalism as a distinctive political strand between conservatism and social democracy. However, across the EU as in Britain, this political strand sits more happily on the right. As Lady Bracknell said of the Liberal Unionists in The Importance of Being Earnest, "Oh, they count as Tories. They dine with us. Or come in the evening, at any rate."
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6 comments
A correction: the Swedish Moderate Party is not affiliated to ALDE, but to the centre-right EPP group. The other Swedish ALDE party is the Centre Party.
I agree with Herbert: there is, and always has been, a much stronger socialist left in many other European countries than in the UK (where Labour's early 80s lurch to the left made it unelectable), and in such a political context, it makes sense that liberal parties would regard the left as a major enemy. Sweden, where the Social Democrats are always the largest party and there is also a far-left party represented in parliament, is an excellent example of this. Both Swedish ALDE parties are pretty centrist by a UK political measure, but in a country that gives its name to a left-wing economic model, this naturally means attacking from the right.
Additionally, in most European countries the main centre-right party belongs to the EPP group in the European Parliament; they are typically moderate, pro-market, pro-EU parties (the Moderate Party of Sweden being again a good example). But as for the Tories... if they are now a "metropolitan, urban, capitalist, etc" (as David Linsay puts it) party what are their MEPs doing sitting in the ECR group, whose conservatism is firmly of the "provincial, rural, protectionist, church-based, conservative, mind-our-own-business" strand? It seems clear that the modernisation of the Tories is a front. Remember that David Cameron pulled his MEP group out of the EPP to appease his party's raving-right anti-EU tendency.
And while we are on the subject of MEPs, the ALDE group votes alongside the centre-left S&D group as much as it does with the EPP.
The coalition between the Lib Dems and Tories in the UK was not due to any pre-election political plotting as Gerry would love to have it: rather, it happened because the electoral arithmetic made it the only possible stable government
Isn't there a closer relationship between 'liberals' and 'conservatives' in Europe because the 'socialist' parties there were established as geneuinely socialist, if not Marxist, parties? Labour, on the other hand, was never more than a trade union branch of the Liberals and hardly even pretended to be seeking 'socialism' (in the sense of a replacement of capitalism).
Good grief - D Lindsay in interesting comment shock! Huzzah to you, sir!
Explored in some detail, along with various other things, in my Confessions of an Old Labour High Tory, available from lulu and endorsed by Lord Glasman, Lord Stoddart, Bryan Gould, &c. Never reviewed in this country, but I am not related to anyone important.
Fifty years ago in July, one third of the Cabinet Ministers dismissed in one night by Harold Macmillan were National Liberals, raising yet more among the many serious questions about how conservative or Tory the sacked six’s economic views, which went on to become monetarism, really were or were not, are or are not. It is entirely incorrect to say that members of the present Coalition are the first Liberal Cabinet Ministers since the War. By the time that he was Home Secretary between 1954 and 1957, Gwilym Lloyd George had ceased to be a member of either of the Liberal parties that had each separately asked him to lead it in 1945, but nor had he joined the Conservative Party.
The Conservative Party has been hoovering up Liberals for a very long time: Country Whigs, Patriot Whigs, Liberal Unionists, Liberal Imperialists, National Liberals as one of whom Michael Heseltine first sought election to Parliament, Alfred Roberts’s daughter, those around the Institute of Economic Affairs (although its founders and its founding backer, like Roberts, never actually joined), and now the Liberal Democrats. The feud between the former Miss Roberts and the present Lord Heseltine was fundamentally and ultimately an intra-Liberal affair, and it remains so. Even if vicariously and posthumously, Margaret Thatcher’s father was the last great Liberal commercial magnate from the provinces to exercise national political power.
The Conservative Party is itself therefore two parties in one, which would be entirely separate in many other countries, competing hardly at all for the same votes and co-operating hardly at all on any issue of policy. The metropolitan, urban, capitalist, secular, libertarian, make-the-world-anew party has finally defeated and banished the provincial, rural, protectionist, church-based, conservative, mind-our-own-business party. The Whigs have finally defeated and banished the Tories. The most blatantly obvious outrider or trailblazer is Elizabeth Truss, a veteran anti-monarchist campaigner, and also possessed of most unorthodox opinions regarding the institution of marriage, but whom the Conservative hierarchy forced upon a safe Conservative seat in time for the 2010 General Election.
But this final defeat within, and banishment from, the Conservative Party preferably comes in a context of electoral reform, which can only suit the Tories down to the ground. They are not the only ones. As it took shape, Labour adapted itself both to Radical Liberalism and to populist Toryism, depending on the pre-existing culture at least of its target electorate. Labour was never the party of anything like the whole of the working classes, nor did those classes ever provide anything like all of its support. There was never any incongruity about the presence of middle or upper-class people in the Labour Party, and not least among Labour MPs. Nor about their having come from, and far from cast off, either Liberal or Tory backgrounds, routinely including activism, and indeed parliamentary service.
Both Radical Liberalism and populist Toryism were very open to central and local government action. They were therefore open to many aspects of the never-dominant Socialist strand in Labour as surely as they acted as checks and balances on it. Deeply rooted in the chapels, the Radicals had a pronounced streak of moral and social conservatism, especially where intoxication and gambling were concerned. Toryism, properly so called, upholds the organic Constitution, believes in carefully controlled importation and immigration, and advocates a realist foreign policy which includes a strong defence capability used only most sparingly and to strictly defensive ends. And so on.
The movement that drank deeply from both of these wells did in fact deliver social democracy in this country, a good both in itself and in its prevention of a Communist revolution. It is time to reconstitute that movement.
Good points, James
In 2010 Clegg and Laws clearly identified that the Lib Dems had to be part of a right-wing alignment or bloc, and the basis of this is the famous Orange Book..since that election they deliberately decided to jettison centre-left or even left voters, calculating rightly that even if Lib Dems plunge to 14 or 15% they can still hold a balance of power due to Tory tactical voting in seats where Lib Dems are challenged by Labour, and the Tories nowhere...the lost AV referendum vote would have enshrined this balance of course, but Clegg and Laws know that to emulate the German Free Democrats is the best their party can now hope for...
Will they get away with it, and as you rightly say, emulate their Euro cousins who are all in alliance with Conservatives? Well, yes...Thatcherism - ideologically - is actually classic small state 19th century liberalism! They would simply be going back to their own roots!