Laurie Penny

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Youthful rebellion turning inward with deadly consequences

There is plenty of "awareness" of eating disorders in the media but just as much complicity in the idea that starvation is a legitimate expression of female distress, says Laurie Penny.

The girl at the table opposite me is doing something very strange with her sandwich. She has cut it into exact quarters and is slowly, gingerly dissecting each one as if it were a bomb about to go off, removing the bread, wiping off the mayonnaise with a paper towel, piling the meat and lettuce into precise piles with a tiny scrape of mustard and eating them hurriedly, her hands trembling. You might expect the other people in the cafe to notice, but this is New York, where the spectacle of hungry, pool-eyed young women ritually starving themselves has become routine. It's Eating Disorder Awareness Week, but awareness doesn't seem to be the problem here.

I watch the girl in the glass of the cafe window. I have nothing in common with her except that we happen to be the same person. Or rather, we were: it's eight years this week since I was admitted to hospital with anorexia, and three years since I made a full recovery, but now and then around this time of year, the old, weird habits creep back; food the enemy, every mirror a traitor. I don't know quite what happened to the skinny, miserable seventeen year old I used to be. Over the long months of learning that it was alright to take up space, I suspect I may have eaten her. But I see people just like her every day on the streets of every major city, ghost-people with mad eyes staring blankly ahead, spindly limbs pistoning with manic energy, wrapped up against a chill that can't be fought, and they are women of all ages, and at least 15 per cent of them are men.

Eating disorders, however, are still seen as diseases peculiar to pretty young white women, which perhaps explains why years of "awareness raising" have led to a great deal of glamour and mystery surrounding this deadliest of mental illnesses and precious little understanding. After thousands of histrionic articles conveniently illustrated with pictures of half-naked models looking upset, the number of people with eating disorders is still rising, and we are no closer to solving one of the great mysteries of modern life - namely, why so many of our brightest and best young people are starving themselves slowly to death.

The best answer we seem to have come up with is "magazines". This says rather more about what society thinks goes on in the minds of teenage girls than it does about the cause of an epidemic that kills thousands of young people every year, and leaves countless more living half-existences with the best dreams of their single lives shrunk to the size of a dinner plate.

The most important thing to understand about eating disorders is that starving, binging, purging and puking are not causes of distress. They are symptoms of it. The diseases are replete with contradictions, at once about denying hunger for food, for rest, for fun, for sex, for freedom whilst the sufferer starves for it all to the point of death. Most curiously, the pathologies involve an itricate interplay of aggression and compliance. Eating disorders are what happens when youthful rebellion cannibalises itself.

In Italy, there is a tradition called "sciopero bianco" - the white strike. Here, it is known as work-to-rule. Workers who are not permitted to strike fight their bosses by doing only what is required of them - to the letter. Nurses refuse to answer phones that ring at 17:01. Transport workers make safety checks so rigid that trains run hours behind schedule. Eating disorders, particularly anorexia, are to riots in the streets what a white strike is to a factory occupation: women, precarious workers, young people and others for whom the lassitudes of modern life routinely produce acute distress and for whom the stakes of social non-conformity are high, lash out by doing only what is required of them, to the point of extremity. Work hard; eat less; consume frantically; be thin and perfect and good; conform and comply; push yourself to the point of collapse. It is no accident that eating disorders are often associated with obsessive overwork and perfectionism at school, in the workplace or in the home. We followed all the rules, sufferers seem to be saying - now look what you made us do.

Raising awareness is important, but awareness without understanding is just a way to boost newspaper sales and make starvation acceptable as a silent rhetoric of female distress. Fighting eating disorders, really fighting them, takes stamina, and courage, and the determination to live fully, whatever the cost.

54 comments

Dell478's picture

These are the signs of a society that promotes equality, but to be included you have to fit the advertisers definition of beauty. When will us women evry learn to ignore the advertiser and listen to our men who say that they 'like a woman with a bit of meet on her.' At least they do in Yorkshire.

Kule's picture

Well, in my opinion, now is time for the trolls here to be banned. I have read quite many the bloggers here on NS and the only one who really ever comes in for the vitriol is Laurie.And the only real reason for it is that she is young, leftie and (most of all) female.

suomynona's picture

The article didn't suggest that eating disorders are caused by society; Laurie's article outlines the pathologies and uses the white strikes metaphor to illustrate how they function. Understanding how they function is part of building awareness.

Explaining EDs away with biological determinism, on the other hand, is disingenuous. Clearly Laurie knows a fair bit about the topic and has chosen to focus on what we can change, rather than what we can't. EDs are about control and self deprivation. The article's about letting go of the control you wield over yourself and turning the power relation around, realising that collective organisation is much more empowering than concepts of perfect individualism. That's taken years of working through (and is never finished). It's not the kind of information you can easily google search - and it's a hell of a lot more valuable. Thank you for a great article Laurie.

SpudMiddleton's picture

"...some of the stuff you write is very funny."

like all good comedy, Divine, it's funny cos it's true.

sigil's picture

I really do think it's time for the trolls here to be banned. I read quite a lot of the bloggers here on NS and the only one who really ever comes in for the vitriol is Laurie.

And the only real reason for it is that she is young, leftie and (most of all) female.

Trolls, you are disgusting, truly, gut-wrenchingly, misogynistically, testosteronally hyper-emetically disgusting.

brook boysen's picture

It wasn't worth the journey to the US - an article like this is par for the course in a women's magazine, anywhere. More interesting possibly, might be Penny's inside experience of alcohol. But will she...?

helen_back's picture

The girl in the cafe dissecting the sanswich is Laurie, she is looking at her own reflection.

jean dubois's picture

The artist formerly known as John Woods says: my comments were much better, but they got deleted.

anonymousthanks's picture

okay, so the whole first part of the article is personal confession, woman's weekly in a posh accent, and the rest is filled with stereotypes and contradiction, and lacks any of that fight or understanding she claims is important. the idea that eating disorders are the 'most deadly' of mental illnesses, when in fact, as she points out later, they are a symptom rather than the illness itself. and in any case, without providing any evidence that they're the 'most deadly', it just looks like yet another way of Laurie Penny claiming to be the Most Hardcore, the Most Brave, the Most Rebellious, Most Radical, most whatever she is claiming to be this week. So this isn't an article about eating disorders, its yet another article about Laurie Penny. all the people recommending it round Twitter, 'brilliant article's etc, I want to know, how is it brilliant? what did you learn from it? how did it increase your understanding? in what way does it speak to you? it just looks to me like a load of churned out fluff, not even an opinion piece, just a lot of badly thought out paragraphs in flowery language, stuck together with sellotape, filling in a formula but with nothing to say. in the years since Penny says she has recovered from an eating disorder, did she not do any research, form any real ideas about it she could share?

sianushka's picture

thanks for this article laurie.

think a lot of the comments show why we still need to raise awareness.

anonymousthanks - it's the most deadly mental illness because it kills more of its sufferers than other mental illnesses.

UAPT's picture

Does anyone here actually have a background in science? Particularly in neuroscience/issues of mental health? This article, and so many of the comments, appear to wrap individuals in a vast shroud of generalities with some perceived political tint. Perhaps, with so serious a topic Laurie, you could have done away with your blogging style and just been a bit more objective, with scientific references.

Rory's picture

good blog :) agree with the points about anorexia, but I think people should talk about other eating disorders and things like comfort eating and binge eating as well, a lot of overweight people have eating disorders or mental health issues, but for some reason this is never talked about, instead people who are overweighted are treated like criminals by society which ironically only amplifies a lot of the issues that cause over eating to begin with.

Dev's picture

Thank you Laurie, the rebellion idea is good. Often, having an eating disorder, you feel like you *are* rebelling, against a world that wants to slowly ply you with food and then laugh at you when you aren't stick-thin. EDs are about control, trying to halt the supposed spiral into hideousness. I hate these commentators who are desperate to believe that eating disorders either don't exist or are purely the fault of the indulgent and vain victim.

Marie's picture

These smirking cynical commentators with the superiority complexes need to visit a pro-anorexia or pro-bulimia website some time, then they'll realise it's not just a physical or genetic condition it's SO ideological. Just look at the images and the mantras under them 'I will be happy and thin' 'I want people to be jealous of the gap between my thighs' 'I want people to worry about my health'. They want to be the leading ladies in their own lives, who is always thin, rather than the fat friend. They also want to punish themselves, strip away all that makes them sinful or that takes up space. At the end of it, victim or not, it seems they picture themselves as free and comfortable, like these airbrushed pictures on the pro-ana websites, happy and tanned on a beach, laughing in a string bikini; not necessarily in a hospital though that is fetishised in itself.

McMac's picture

This article left me feeling un-informed.

Obviously we had the Laurie Penny touch of a member of the public popping up and neatly illustrating the story. Isn’t lucky that they always turn up when needed.

But I was expecting a little more insight into what she thinks is the causes of ED.

“Eating disorders are what happens when youthful rebellion cannibalises itself” I can’t get past the thought that this is what LP wishes it was. It fits her self image rather nicely, even her mental illnesses are street and cool. When what the article needed was clarity and simplicity. It’s no good complaining that ‘we’ don’t understand ED and then refuse to explain her own experiences in plain English.

Mr. Divine's picture

Pampered! ... we are all pampered in the West. I don't mind her being over pampered. I like the way she speaks. It has become less squeaky! If only I didn't feel so responsible for being the daddy to four kids I would high tail it over to the States and drive her around the place. You know her room mate wrote a piece about her. It was alright but it missed her essential comic fun streak. Anyway I spotted it ages ago.

I don't why but you always seem to have a go at Laurie's background. To me, I'd rather her be a Oxford grad from public school. I dislike thick Northern accent. My own voice has mellowed a lot mainly because I've spent decades overseas. People wonder where I'm from. I'm very clearly spoken, in fact more so than Laurie as I don't have any 'errs, or umms'. I'm like a newsreader most of the time. But I speak in 'chunks' or series of words that I've used before and now put together to formulate longer text. I try not to use words that I can't understand. I like the way Dutch and Swedish speak English. They are almost seamless.

Alex Baldwin's picture

@UAPT

Yes, but I'd read this for what it is rather than an actual scientific hypothesis. It can stand on its own merit as "a piece of writing" that way.

@Sean Doyle
"I notice spud has made a career of attacking a target who cannot strike back. Mmmm!"

In what sense is Laurie unable to strike back? She just chooses not to, previously complaining via Twitter about the comments on here as being from "tory trolls". Now ignoring them altogether.

The irony is that the leftist people who comment on her articles are supposed to be the sort of people she's in "solidarity" with. The 1% don't have the time or the inclination to respond to these things.

Apparently the NS comment system is currently being revised. I'd like them to keep Habermas in mind while they do so. I would say that you accuse Spud of violating the "symmetry condition" that Habermas proposes, when in reality it is Laurie who has the elevated power and status here.

LindbergMarley's picture

Just look at the images and the mantras under them 'I will be happy and thin' 'I want people to be jealous of the gap between my thighs' 'I want people to worry about my health'. They want to be the leading ladies in their own lives, who is always thin, rather than the fat friend. They also want to punish themselves, strip away all that makes them sinful or that takes up space. http://www.lifeinsurancehq.org/

H's picture

A lot of people seem upset with the intro to this article. Its just a lead in, thats all. Do you think that maybe, whilst one is considering an article on anorexia on might be more in tune to notice what appears to be anorexic behaviour? I would. If you don't like the lead in, think that maybe its a bit over dramatic, well, then hey, well, I guess... yeah. And isn't personal expereince, if you happen to have it, a valid addition when examining a topic? And it continues to surprise me that people think that a writer's demographic naturally defines a very specific range of topics that it is permissable to talk about. Writers, columnists in particular, write about things they find interesting,often from their perspective. Thats what they do. If you would like to know about the opinion of someone in a different demographic on the topic of eating disorders, then please, go and find them and then champion them if you feel they are under represented. That would be, you know, constructive.

jean dubois's picture

Anorexia seems to me to be an imaginary condition that over privileged bourgy brats without real problems get in order to have something to talk about.

Charlotte Bevan's picture

Anorexia Nervosa ("AN")is a brain circuitry disorder with a genetic predisposition. (See Thomas Insel, Head of the NIMH). You can't give yourself AN, or catch it, unless you are genetically predisposed - it is a heritable illness.
It is the most the lethal psychiatric disorder. The death rates are estimated (because there is no system within the NHS for counting eating disorder patients) at somewhere between 5 and 10%. There is an extremely high rate of suicide in these figures.
AN is not a choice, or a wilful act or a cry for attention or the result of bad parenting or cold mothers or distant fathers or teenage rebellion, any more than autism or schizophrenia is.
These perpetual myths about eating disorders prevent patients and families from getting proper treatment. Recovery from AN is possible and, the earlier the treatment, probable. The statistics for the latest clinical trials are recovery rates of 60-90% in adolescents.(Lock & Le Grange FBT)

betterdeadthanred's picture

Thin article.

ZannaBaker's picture

Thsis analysis makes a lot of sense and is a real contribution to dealing with the growing issue of anorexia. It made me think of a talk by Richard Bentall called 'why society drives you mad'... http://iai.tv/video/why-society-drives-you-mad

David Howell's picture

Fascinating extended analogy, and I wish you weren't right on what ED "awareness" tends to mean.

I'm sure there'll be critiques in the comments of your comparison, some of which will make more sense than others, but I certainly think it's at least worthy of being floated and discussed. At the least, it serves as an explanation for why sufferers are invariably highly driven and successful people (and this transcends gender, but as you imply, women still face significantly more in the way of judgment based on, well, most things, but certainly their ability to conform, including to a ludicrous willowy aesthetic that remains all too prevalent).

Fergus Pickering's picture

A lot of people with eating disorders are fifteen years old. Can you be a successful fifteen-year-old? Don't talk bollocks, old chap.

Christopher Christie's picture

"sciopero bianco" è una scelta di vita Laurie, therefore the work-to-rule analogy is an individual collective. Rather than reacting in this way, should not a collaborative approach be employed to create a common good, so that humanity benefits?

Fred's picture

I don't accept the idea that it is impossible for people to control their own lives, whether it's society as a whle being responsible for people choosing to riot, or anything else, or that another group of people can fix it by telling everyone to do something else.

Your sandwich-dissecting woman is more likely to have a gluten intolerance or be a carb-counting diabetic. Any chance of ditching the strained relevance-creating hooks? You're better without them.

Spud Middleton's picture

I think this article is fuelled by two factors which are entirely extraneous to the subject under discussion.

1) A young woman from a privileged background and expensive education who simply yearns for a state of victimhood...like a pious an overwrought Catholic girl might long for the marks of stigmata.

SpudMiddleton's picture

Well number 2 won't load...which is a shame, cos it's a cracker...a long cracker

Luddite's picture

Laurie can't blame the workings of the market for her own psychological problems. If she wasn't so eat-up in side she may find food more of a joy than a terror. Many suffer psychological problems from time to time, that's what being human is all about. But I do hope Miss Penny gets better: another thing in politics it's advisable not to tell your political opponents your weaknesses.

gerry's picture

This is the usual media stunt, as you say Laurie, deal with the symptoms not the causes....

Eating disorders are a sign of individual distress, and are widespread in economically well-off countries where pressures to be "perfect" and "successful" are intense.... you dont get widespread eating disorders in very poor countries, or countries/societies with more communal/family/collective social systems: obvious really.

The answer is, as you say, societal , and therefore political AND cultural..which is why magazines shy away from dealing with the causes. Of course!

anonymousthanks's picture

"it's the most deadly mental illness because it kills more of its sufferers than other mental illnesses."

There are two main problems of this hypothesis, as I see it:

1 - eating disorders are a symptom of a mental illness, rather than the illness itself. This is even stated in the article at the top of this page. An eating disorder cannot simultaneously be a symptom of a mental illness, and the most deadly of mental illnesses. It may be one of the most deadly symptoms, as compared with accidental overdose, addictions to alcohol or other drugs, suicide, accidental deaths caused by recklessness, etc. We'd have to see some research on that, if it is at all relevant in any way other than a pissing contest - "I self harmed bigger than you did cos Im more hardcore".

2 - mental illnesses are massively undiagnosed because so many people suffer in secret, and when they dont, they face massive problems in getting any sort of support or diagnosis. This is true within the NHS, and im sure its also true of somewhere like the US, where an enormous number of people wont have insurance to cover such things. If we dont have any real idea of how many people have mental illnesses of type x, y, or z, how can we really grade them in terms of 'deadliest' or even most pervasive. We cant! Any attempt to do so is engaging in a pissing contest.

This is not to say noone can mention that eating disorders are deadly. A few statistics would help. A bit of research. But what we have here is just an 'accept my word for it, this thing I had is the most hardcore.' Its not enlightening. It doesnt acknowledge that there may be a crossover of symptoms (EDs + addiction, for eg). It doesnt tell us what illnesses eating disorders may be a symptom of. It doesnt tell us how we can support someone with an eating disorder. It doesnt tell us anything!

Dickie1's picture

Helen "Hope you feel the same sense of relief."

It was hard work at times.

Iggy's picture

"A lot of people with eating disorders are fifteen years old. Can you be a successful fifteen-year-old? Don't talk bollocks, old chap."

You can be if you're a coding genius or a literary wunderkind. Or more usually someone very determined to succeed in school or university.

andyg's picture

gerry......strongly agree.

"The most important thing to understand about eating disorders is that starving, binging, purging and puking are not causes of distress."
These are the signs of a society that promotes equality, but to be included you have to fit the advertisers definition of beauty. When will us women evry learn to ignore the advertiser and listen to our men who say that they 'like a woman with a bit of meet on her.' At least they do in Yorkshire.

anonymousthanks's picture

paragraph 1: unbelievable, unverifiable, convenient topic-of-the-day, personal experience. why wd this girl go into a cafe and order a sandwich with mayo just to dismantle it that way in public? why not order a basic salad? or make a packed lunch? I suppose we should be glad she wasn't 'quoted'.

paragraph 2: 'it happened to me! the most deadly of disorders!' personal confession, followed by a stereotyping description of people with eating disorders as spindly limbed, mad eyed, ghosts with blank stares.

paragraph 1: the 'spectacle' of young women who are trembling, 'pool eyed' (??), ritually starving themselves, is routine.

paragraph 3: the stereotype given (when given by other people, presumably) in (1) is histrionic and makes eating disorders seem glamourous and mysterious.

'youthful rebellian cannibalising itself'? hardly. is it not more likely that eating disorders are often a sign of desperation to conform, rather than rebel? if one accepts that the stereotype Ms Penny both makes and denies is in fact just a stereotype. most people with eating disorders, you wouldn't even know it, so successful are they in the appearance of conforming.

but wait, penny later explains, eating disorders are about conformity. or about rebellion against conformity by being conformist to an extreme. or something.

but it doesn't matter. what matters is not awareness, that's a ruse to sell papers. what matters is understanding and fighting. and this article does which?

sorry, but 'it happened to me' confession aside, which wd be better suited to women's weekly or one of those rags, this article offers nothing. no awareness, no real understanding, and most definitely no fight. its just stereotypes, contradiction, and hot air. is this the best new statesman, or even Laurie penny, can offer for 'eating disorder week'? aren't these 'we care about it this week' trivialisations part of the problem?

Fraziel1's picture

If you have had anorexia laurie you will know that you NEVER fully recover. It is always there in the background.

Sir Michael's picture

"The girl at the table opposite me is doing something very strange with her sandwich. She has cut it into exact quarters and is slowly, gingerly dissecting each one as if it were a bomb about to go off, removing the bread, wiping off the mayonnaise with a paper towel, piling the meat and lettuce into precise piles with a tiny scrape of mustard and eating them hurriedly, her hands trembling"

She could be gluten intolerant maybe? Have a stomach that reacts badly to wheat products? You immediately thought "Anorexia nervousa! She has been oppressed by males to believe that being thin is what she needs to be successful!" Or perhaps she just didn't like those other bits?

This part of your article says rather more about you than it does about her unfortunately.

Fergus Pickering's picture

Lord, Iggy, how ghastly would be a fifteen-year-old determined to succeed at university. Haven't they got better things to do with their time. Gather ye rosebuds, don't you know?

Sophia McDougall's picture

I wonder if maybe the girl in the cafe was trying to recover. "I am going to a cafe and eat a sandwich like a normal person. Oh God it's huge and terrifying. Okay, let's take this a little bit at a time." Or maybe she was on the way down, not the way up, and still permitting herself to eat normal foods in theory, but not so much in practice.

Sophia McDougall's picture

Sir Michael, the only time Laurie mentions men is to point out that they, too, suffer from anorexia. Your defensive assumption that men must be under attack says something about *you*, surely?

celeriac's picture

She could be gluten intolerant maybe? Have a stomach that reacts badly to wheat products?

Why would she buy a sandwich in the first place then, Sherlock?

Sean Doyle's picture

I notice spud has made a career of attacking a target
who cannot strike back. Mmmm!

Dickie1's picture

"Well number 2 won't load...which is a shame, cos it's a cracker...a long cracker"

Yea right, just like the fisherman "you should have seen it, it was this big"

andyg please no rude comments.

Tesco Shelf Stacker's picture

If NS had a vote for best commentator - Spud Middleton would win hands down. His comments here and elsewhere have been intriguing, provocative and quite simply brilliant at times. More power to his elbow I say and long may he continue to post!

Anthony's picture

I take it Laurie your not a fan of the writings of the chain-smoking, alcoholic, misogynist Charles Bukowski. Probably explains why he's my favourite writer.

In case you're not familiar with his work hear is a small sample -

"Whores are natural"

"Many a good man has been put under the bridge by a woman."

"there is always one woman to save you from another and as that woman saves you she makes ready to destroy"

"you boys can keep your virgins
give me hot old women in high heels
with asses that forgot to get old. "

"Sometimes you just have to pee in the sink"

"Jan was a excellent fuck, she had a tight pussy, and she took it like it was a knife killing her.

God bless uncle Buk !

Dickie1's picture

"More power to his elbow I say and long may he continue to post!"

And the NS award for brown-nosing goes to...

Sami's picture

Or, y'know, letting women look however they want and we don't judge them whatever size they are, smaller or bigger?

helen_back's picture

I enjoy some of what *Spud* has to say.. But I see past it and ultimately realise he's just wee bit sad really.. And being relatively new to this I have to tax my brain with a maths calculation. What a chore.

helen_back's picture

Agent.. I'm often relieved number 2 won't load. Usually because I'm knackered out by the off-load of number 1. Hope you feel the same sense of relief.

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