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David Cameron's misappropriation of the word "privilege"

The Prime Minister says he wants to spread privilege - the IEA's Philip Booth really hopes that isn't what he meant.

A couple of privileged French fops
A couple of privileged French fops. Image: Getty Images

Given the constraints of political speech-making, David Cameron's effort earlier this week was reasonable. There was the misunderstanding of international trade that one always gets from politicians when he said that developed countries were in a global race and faced a sink or swim situation. This is a common misconception. But, trade theory is tough, even for those who have the best education money can buy, so this line of reasoning is understandable. Of course, when new nations develop there are more opportunities for specialisation and trade, not fewer. The developing countries get richer and, although there may be some particular industries that suffer problems as a result of changing trading patterns, we are not in a race in some kind of zero sum game. The growth of China and India change the big picture relatively little. With good policy, our economy might grow at two to three per cent per year and with bad policy it might grow at zero to two per cent per year. Our concern should be to have good policy at home - but not because we are in some kind of economic race towards a fixed prize.

David Cameron's second error though, was rather surprising coming from somebody with a degree in PPE from Oxford. One should never be too harsh on politicians in front of a camera. It is easy to use the wrong words or for the words to come out in the wrong order. However, this was a carefully scripted speech written by professionals.

After pointing to his own educational background, Cameron said that he wanted to "spread privilege". I really hope not.

Privilege involves law that benefits the few (though, to interpret the principle more widely, the few could even be the majority). In the Soviet Union, travelling abroad was a privilege. In this country, pension contributions are "tax privileged". Doctors are privileged by laws restricting entry. An expensive education is definitely not a privilege - it is a freedom. It is a freedom that few can exercise but this does not make it a privilege.

What we definitely do not want to do is "spread privilege". Spreading privilege really means creating lots more situations where there are laws in existence for the benefit of the few. However, I am sure that is not what David Cameron intended to argue for; his intention, I am sure, was to say "widen privileges" so that existing privileges are available to more people.

But, even this is not what we should aspire to. The equivalent in the Soviet Union would be to pass a law letting some more people travel. What David Cameron really means is that he wants to "widen opportunity" or, better still, "restrain freedom less". The corporatist interpretation of his aspiration would be that he wants to ensure that education is better for everybody. The liberal (in the proper sense of the word) interpretation is that he wants to give many, many more families the freedom to choose their children's education.

Does any of this matter? Yes, it does. The meanings of words evolve, but those who believe in freedom are used to having words hijacked because it enables the enemies of freedom to make their case in an underhand way. This is why I had to put "in the proper sense of the word" in brackets after using the word "liberal". The word privilege is already used by the left in the education debate in a way that is very damaging. They argue that "higher education should be a right and not a privilege". In fact, this is using the word in the same way as David Cameron uses the word - and this is disastrous in the debate. Under new funding arrangements higher education will become a "freedom". Under old funding arrangements it was a "privilege" because laws had to be passed and regulations made that limited higher education to the few as a result of fiscal constraints (and that higher education was financed by the many for the benefit of the few). In fact, those on the liberal side of the debate are demanding that higher education should be "a freedom and not a privilege". Those on the left are actually arguing that higher education should be "a privilege and neither a freedom nor a right". The last slogan does not trip off the tongue quite as well and I am not sure the left would get much traction from using it - hence their desire to redefine words. It is the left that believe in privilege because, if access to goods and services is free, then that access has to be restricted by law creating a privileged few.

Privilege is inimical to a free society. Indeed, it is the fight against privilege that should define everything that Conservative and Liberal parties should stand for. It was a fight that began with Magna Carta. Please, let us not have a policy of spreading privilege. And please, let us also not help the left in redefining the language of freedom.

Philip Booth is Editorial and Programme Director at the Institute of Economic Affairs

13 comments

Eddy S's picture

interesting article a touch pedantic though. you can assume cameron was really speaking about spreading high standards and most specifically his intention to spread high standards of education. will he achieve it? i'm not sure. but make no mistake, it is the tories who have stolen our clothes on academies, we should not be afraid to champion academies therefore.

andyg's picture

I tend to interpret that to "spread privilege" means for those that are privaleged. That has always been the nature of the privaleged.

FormerLibDem's picture

This article was going well up until you digressed onto higher education and got in a real muddle:
" They argue that "higher education should be a right and not a privilege". In fact, this is using the word in the same way as David Cameron uses the word - and this is disastrous in the debate. Under new funding arrangements higher education will become a "freedom". Under old funding arrangements it was a "privilege" because laws had to be passed and regulations made that limited higher education to the few as a result of fiscal constraints (and that higher education was financed by the many for the benefit of the few). In fact, those on the liberal side of the debate are demanding that higher education should be "a freedom and not a privilege". Those on the left are actually arguing that higher education should be "a privilege and neither a freedom nor a right". "

err you what mate?

FormerLibDem's picture

This artickle was going well up umtil you digressed onto higher education and got in a real muddle:
" They argue that "higher education should be a right and not a privilege". In fact, this is using the word in the same way as David Cameron uses the word - and this is disastrous in the debate. Under new funding arrangements higher education will become a "freedom". Under old funding arrangements it was a "privilege" because laws had to be passed and regulations made that limited higher education to the few as a result of fiscal constraints (and that higher education was financed by the many for the benefit of the few). In fact, those on the liberal side of the debate are demanding that higher education should be "a freedom and not a privilege". Those on the left are actually arguing that higher education should be "a privilege and neither a freedom nor a right". "

err you what mate?

Kippers's picture

"Privilege involves law that benefits the few (though, to interpret the principle more widely, the few could even be the majority)."

Not exactly. The definion on-line (Oxford dictionaries) is "a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group". So it could be an advantage that is granted (by law or by a rule or as a favour) or it could be an advantage that is available to someone without it being clear from where that privilege came; that can include a privilege due to wealth.

"An expensive education is definitely not a privilege - it is a freedom."

No. According to the above definition there is nothing wrong with saying that an expensive education is a privilege. It is an advantage available only to a certain group of people, the wealthy.Similarly there is nothing wrong, according to most definitions, with saying that access to expensive higher education has become a privilege. It may be disasterous to the debating points that the author wants to make - but that's the way it is.

Tim Mann's picture

I don't see that privilege has to be enshrined in law. Surely those attending Eton are privileged because they are selected and very well off - therefore the opportunity to attend Eton is restricted to the few, which is your definition.
Cameron is a classic Tory - just like Tony Blair. He's quite happy with a grotesquely unequal society. He'd just like it if we had one or two more advantaged people at the top, who in turn would think like him......

RH47's picture

This article matches Cameron in its warping of language.

But, there again - that's the the nature of the la-la land of fundamentalist free-market thinking - it has little basis in reality.

Quattro Man's picture

Oh dear, you really are clutching at straws, he gave a brilliant, inspired speech.

Showed little Red Ed & the Labour party as really having no policies or plan... and just one notion...borrowing.

Brilliant Dave....roll on the revolution.

Comrades, join us privileged ones, together we will stamp out this cancer of complacency, debt and state dependency, the foundations of Labour ideology.

Philip Booth 1's picture

I am not clutching at straws because I am not looking to criticise the speech in general. I am saying that, in economic debate, the re-definition of language by the left is a great problem for people who believe in free markets and I don't think that Cameron should be helping the socialist cause here. It is a reasonable point about one specific issue. In the context of the conference speech it may not be an important issue. In the context of the wider intellectual debate, it is important.

Quattro Man's picture

Perhaps and interesting because my perception/interpretation of what he was trying to say in using the word "privilege" out of context was slightly different
The point I perceived was everyone should strive to do their best and aspire to achieve.
Why was he making that point? The legacy we have been left with is truly worrying for the UK; we are too dependent on the state. And we cannot afford for that to continue.
Our best option therefore is for as many people as possible in the UK to strive for "privilege".

sym's picture

A superb article, thank you.

Paul Jeater's picture

I believe Cameron's speech contained a third error, he said that Britain had repelled invaders of a thousand years. This is a statement that William of Normandy would have been prepared to dispute.
Eton obviously doesn't place high regard on basic arithmatic (2012-1066=) alternatively as shown by his performance on a recent Letterman show Oxford's PPE course doesn't allow time for a basic knowledge of British history.

Lucidus's picture

Radio 4 listeners everywhere will sing your praises from the rooftops.

Now could you have a go at people who say "coruscating" when they mean "excoriating"?

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