Mehdi Hasan

Mehdi Hasan’s polemical take on politics, economics and foreign affairs

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Time to talk about land taxes

An important contribution from the FT's Samuel Brittan.

Samuel Brittan, often described as the "doyen of British economic journalists", has an important column in today's Financial Times, provocatively entitled:

Tax England's green and pleasant land

Brittan - despite his background as a Thatcherite and monetarist - has been one of the most vocal, consistent and well-informed opponents of austerity economics in recent years. Today, he says:

Whatever one thinks of fiscal austerity, governments will need a new source of income in future if only because of demographic trends.

So what does he propose? A land tax. Indeed, as the Lib Dem Business Secretary Vince Cable argued at his party's annual conference in September 2010:

It will be said that in a world of internationally mobile capital and people it is counterproductive to tax personal income and corporate profit to uncompetitive levels. That is right. But a progressive alternative is to shift the tax base to property, and land, which cannot run away, [and] represents in Britain an extreme concentration of wealth.

I'm not sure it's an either/or question, of income taxes versus land taxes, but Cable is correct to point out that the latter are harder to dodge, avoid and evade. And while a land tax is progressive and fair, and a potential means of redistributing wealth, it's also a mainstream and sensible proposal.

"[F]ar from being an outrageous Bolshevik idea," explains Brittan in today's FT

the case for a land tax is one of the oldest and least disputed propositions in economic thought. The underlying theory was developed at the beginning of the 19th century by the highly respectable David Ricardo. Many chancellors have said that they would jump at a tax that had no disincentive effects on work or enterprise but had a strong redistributive element. The problem was that the amount of preliminary work required would take more than one parliament and any credit for the measure would redound to their successors.

He continues:

A land tax is one of those subjects - basic income is another - which divides commentators into a great majority who never mention it, and a minority who talk of nothing else. The result is to give supporters a cranky appearance, while the eyes of chancellors of either main party glaze over if you as much as mention the subject.

The basic point is that the supply of land, with rare exceptions such as reclamation in the Netherlands, is fixed. But because of its scarcity owners can command an income over and above the normal return to the enterprises placed upon it. Gross UK trading profits of non-financial and non-oil corporations are running at over £200bn per year or about 20 per cent of gross domestic output. Some part of this - we do not know how much - is not true profit but the return on land. There is one way in which the supply of usable land can increase. That is when land, previously off limits, is newly released by local authorities for development. The consequent increase in value, say some land tax campaigners, is created by "the community", which is entitled to a share of the increment. But to argue in this way is to sell the case short. The case for a land tax is valid even for land which always was available for development or which remains in agricultural use.

My editor Jason Cowley made the case for a land tax in a New Statesman cover story in October 2010:

An annual land value tax would not only provide a new and fairer source of income, Wetzel said, but would encourage owners of empty buildings and empty land to put their properties to good use. Towns and cities would become more efficient and the need for urban sprawl would be reduced.

Meanwhile my NS colleague Rafael Behr addresses the issue of land taxation, and the wider rows and divisions over taxation and the forthcoming Budget, in his politics column this week. Clegg, he writes

clings to the idea of a "mansion tax" on houses worth more than £2m.

That policy is toxic for Tories, whose safe seats are dotted with fancy real estate. The prospect of sizing up the nation's housing stock for a new tax threatens also to make ordinary households look wealthier than they feel. Labour, by contrast, is open to the idea. The mansion tax is being actively debated in Ed Miliband's office, partly because the leader's freshly advertised enthusiasm for fiscal discipline needs reinforcing with revenue-raising measures and partly because, with parliament on course to stay hung at the next election, there are strategic reasons to flirt with Lib Dem policy.

Privately, senior figures around Miliband admit to being impressed at how effectively Nick Clegg has set the terms of pre-Budget debate and put the Tories on the defensive. Although Labour harbours no affection for the Lib Dems, there is recognition of a shared interest in branding the Conservatives as defenders of inherited privilege and hoarded wealth.

A senior Labour figure told me recently that the the party leadership plans to focus on "taxes at the top" in the coming days and weeks. Good. It's a case I made in the Guardian just a fortnight ago - and I do hope that land taxes, mansion taxes and the rest feature as part of the impending discussion. Perhaps the shadow health secretary can chip in again. And David Miliband too. Oh, and from the right, ConservativeHome's Tim Montgomerie.

I leave you with Brittan's concluding line from his excellent FT column:

If politicians really want to think about the unthinkable, as they sometimes claim, here is a place to start.

34 comments

shanolrry's picture

shanolrry@gmail.com

Anglocynn's picture

I dont have any land . But this idea of land taxes is a a bloody joke.

We have enough taxes in this country thank you very much and sorry i dont believe in a socialist state and as some one from the non mulitcultural region of the south west of England i am fed up subsidising people from abroad.

I dont loads of UK people flood abroad to claim benefits and the use of the NHS and free education system . But is defintely the case people are coming here for that very reason. Why is we are paying child allowance to people who dont even have children in this country. Thats one thing i would stop in an instance if i was in power and stuff the European Union. I am not a citizen of EU , I am a subject of England.

Magrathea's picture

Trojan Horace, you have it somewhat upside down. While the sort of property taxes we have now cause the improvement aversion you describe, a tax shift to land does the opposite by removing the present taxation that falls on improvements, leaving the owner of all the value of anything he adds. One of the other benefits of properly implemented land taxation is to make the real estate booms and busts which lead to huge indebtedness and repossession, impossible. Our present taxation system is almost designed to cause boom and bust because it relieves from taxation the one thing that should be taxed (land) and instead taxes everything else (wages, profits and buildings and productive effort) to death

Paul Mannion's picture

70% of land in Britain is owned by 1% of the population and jokers on here have the nerve to talk about not taxing these 'hard working folks!' Hard work my foot. It was robbed.

Paul Mannion's picture

By the way, in that ghastly socialist high tax state.... Hong Kong.... there is no freehold for land. Only leasehold. All the land is effectively own by the government. Leaseholders have to pay tax to the government each year.

This has what has funded huge infrastructure projects over the years. The social housing projects in particular are vast. Transport is first rate and cheap. There is no need to own a car. And only last year they gave away $6,000 (HKD) to each resident to help get the economy going.

Bodva's picture

"70% of land in Britain is owned by 1% of the population"

There are some powerful economic arguments in favour of a land tax. More, these arguments have been around for more than 130 years (Henry George's book 'Progress and Poverty' was published in 1879).

Another part of the appeal of a land tax is that it is quite moderate politically in that it doesn’t challenge the principle of private property. That makes it an attractive option in times when radical change seems to be off the political agenda (a bit like now, in fact).

However, apart from a few countries (Australia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, and Taiwana) the idea has never really caught on. Even in the places where it has been tried there are significant exemptions.

So what is wrong with this apparently great idea?

Could it have something to do with the political conditions required to implement such a tax?

Given that "70% of land in Britain is owned by 1% of the population" it is necessary that its advocates defeat a group of very rich and powerful people.

But if you can beat them why bother with a land tax?

If ordinary people can get their hands on political power then all sorts of options are opened up (for example nationalisation of the land). And these alternative measures tend to be more interesting and effective than a land tax. So went change does become possible the land tax loses its appleal.

Mr Danger's picture

tench, you need help.

Trojan Horace's picture

Be VERY careful with property tax not to get Britain into the same abject unholy mess as the US where only a rich white elite, earning the salaries of lawyers and CEOs can afford to live in a house in a decent neighborhood because the property taxes are cripplingly high. Most pensioners lose their home, renovations and extensions are shunned for fear of tax hikes, ergo bad neighborhoods never improve but just continue to decline. In some States property taxes are the principle cause of mass repossessions. Arguably the whole credit default debacle could never have happened if America's property tax system resembled mine. I'm all for progressive income tax... property tax absolutely NOT

Trojan Horace's picture

Be VERY careful with property tax not to get Britain into the same abject unholy mess as the US where only a rich white elite, earning the salaries of lawyers and CEOs can afford to live in a house in a decent neighborhood because the property taxes are cripplingly high. Most pensioners lose their home, renovations and extensions are shunned for fear of tax hikes, ergo bad neighborhoods never improve but just continue to decline. In some States property taxes are the principle cause of mass repossessions. Arguably the whole credit default debacle could never have happened if America's property tax system resembled the UK. I'm all for progressive income tax... property tax absolutely NOT

David Lindsay's picture

In answer to an overnight email about my book, yes, a copy has been sent, albeit more in hope than in expectation, to the Reviews Editor of this magazine.

Stu's picture

So we're going to tax all the farmers out of business, and then end up starving like Zimbabwe?

Great idea.

Anthony's picture

Yeah Mehdi lets tax everything, we are already one of the most heavily taxed countries but why let that get in the way of some good taxing, why not ? lets go all out , WO-HO .

Lets start with people named Mehdi then move onto people with Hasan as a surname then a idiot tax. Looks like you could be up for at least a 3 way hammering Mehdi.

Eddy S's picture

people will buy into the property tax if they see the immediate reduction in income/business taxes.

create a land tax and drop national insurance for tax simplicity (which we all know is income tax and a tax on employment) and drop corporation tax to 15% to make the UK internationally competitive (this measure should improve growth prospects of the UK too).

Simon's picture

Tax the rich...tax home owners...tax everyone and piss it up the wall on more tax credits for the underclass! Get a grip for fucks sake. What is wrong with working bloody hard in your lifetime and aspiring to own property and land as something to pass down to your children?

Dougbamford's picture

If you tax income fairly comprehensively, or capital gains separately (as is done except on homes), then any gains on land tax should be included.

Why not just put up capital gains tax and then capture the profits that people make on land speculation? And also (hopefully) get other kinds of speculation as well.

There is no point in treating land welath or land profit any different from any other, unless you believe in discredited economic theories (classical economics) or fringe political philosophies (left-libertarianism).

Just tax individuals more comprehensively, I say.

David Lindsay's picture

Working farmers have nothing to worry about, their land is being used. That certianly does apply to the Duchy of Cornwall, or Sandringham, or Balmoral.

Tom's picture

"Sound the blast for freedom boys, and sound it far and wide,
March along to victory for God is on our side,
While the voice of nature thunders o’er the rising tide,
God made the land for the people!

The land, the land, ‘twas God who gave the land,
The land, the land, the ground on which we stand,
Why should we be beggars with the ballot in our hand?
God gave the land to the people!"

Lloyd George Lives!

rob andersen's picture

we should tax fresh air and water as well, people love that stuff so it's money for old rope!

David Lindsay's picture

There must be a tax on the productive value of land per acre, other than that occupied by the homes of the less well off, perhaps making possible the abolition of stamp duty, and in any event establishing and enforcing the principle that no one should own land other than in order to make use of it; this was proposed by Andy Burnham when he was a candidate for Leader of the Labour Party.

There must also be a statutory requirement of planning permission for change of use if it is proposed to turn a primary dwelling into a secondary dwelling, a working family home into a weekend or holiday home.

Buy the book here – http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/confessions-of-an-old-labour-high-.... (Oh, and ignore the negative comments, which are all by the same person, a former student of mine who has mental health problems.)

rob andersen's picture

haha, just remebered, gordon Brown taxed the airwaves!! lololol, remember 3G licence auctioning? Now where did 17 billion quid (in 2001) go?

GoodSenseAintCommon's picture

I actually find it it somewhat odd that we don't have one already, although perhaps the history of its abolition to suit sectional interests should not come as a surprise. The question of what effect it would have is certainly intriguing. I find it hard to see downsides except in the intial implementation, but they manage to do it in a number of Western countries and I personally keeep stumbling across estate agents trying to value everything in sight.

It would be beneficial to more people than not, provided working land and public land set aside for nature reserves etc are assessed differently. It could be progressive. It could help rebalance taxation away from productivity and possibly provide incentives to reduce the susbstantial disparity between large and small (and non!) land owners in this country. Like with income tax there could be a threshold below which individual home owners and small agricultural enterprises would be exempt (the exact, but desirable, opposite effect of current council taxes and agricultural subsidies).

As for that last post by "trench", I shouldn't really feed you but it's a) totally beside the point of this article, b) criminal sociopaths have a way of saying anything to get their way regardless of what culture failed to get a grip on them, c) it's so bloody obvious it's wrong that there isn't really any discussion to be had and d) I'm pretty certain that nothing Mehdi had ever said or written casts doubt on the default notion that he finds scumbags of that ilk just as revolting as do I (and presumably, but for your ghoulish attempt to transparently exploit the issue, you).

Steven Clarke's picture

This is the program the Left needs to adopt. Institute a Land Value Tax (with increased taxes also on property, financail wealth, banks and pollution) - use it initially to stabilise our fiscal position but eventually to reduce more harmful taxes, for instance lifting the income tax threshold and abolishing council tax.

Mehdi, get in touch with the Labour Land Campaign. They are the main land tax group in Labour. The Lib Dems have ALTER. There are other non-aligned groupings.

rob andersen's picture

let's tax milk!!! babies ned that so it's a nice little earner that one, those rich b@stards deserve it, what with their milk drinking habits.
Oh hang on, a land tax is like taxing milk-phew.
Good one
Also, does anyone own the sun? maybe we could tax the light, people would hapily pay for light , and added to the fact that when it shines you don't use so much electricity it's a no brainer.
Taxing the land, is there anything that can't be taxed? even Mehdi is quite taxing.

tench's picture

the 59 year old pakistani immigrant who cant be named for some strange legal reason on trial with in liverpool crown court with 10 other pakistani immigrants who can be named and let into this country to abuse and rape white children pointed out to his 13 year old white child victim that when she complained she was underage and did not wanted to be sexualy abused and raped was told by the 59 year old pakistani man who cant be named for legal reasons said and i quote( in my country pakistan)we can have sex with girls as young as 11,,what you got to say about this medhi hassan?? he is a fellow pakistani brother??

careful's picture

Have to be careful that land tax does not screw farmers who are, largely, not wealthy

Mrs Nobody's picture

Time to talk about land reform.

Paul's picture

rob andersen,

If nobody produced milk, so there were only a fixed, finite supply and everyone needed access to it in order to live, then it would indeed be fair to tax people for holding milk. However, this is not the case for milk and so milk and land are not analogous

Paul's picture

Dougbamford,

Taxing individuals on their broad income, taxes the contribution they make to others - dis-incentivising that contribution. Taxing individuals on their land holding taxes people on the costs they inflict on others so dis-incentivising those costs

The trouble with those pesky 'discredited economic theories' is that they are still true

darrenmarshmanstewart's picture

This will apply to the Royals of course?

Marcus's picture

Too much tax! We pay more than most people in most countries already. Why would we want to tax the people some more?

Duncan Stott's picture

Marcus, mansion/land/property tax would be instead of existing taxes, not on top of them.

The Tory Reform Group are starting to get on board with Land Value Tax too. It's a cross-party idea that's time has come.

Silican's picture

@tench
Unless your comment is intentionally racist, which would be no surprise given your fish sized brain, you have posted in the wrong place. Go and aerate your gills elsewhere, a sewer would seem appropriate, before you start to stink us all out.

Tom's picture

It's worth remembering that we did have land-value based taxation right up until the 19th century, when the aristocrat-controlled Lords finally did away with it shifting the state's revenue source onto labour. Poor old Churchill tried to bring it back in 1911 and got the right for the Commons to overrule the Lords, but never then managed to ram land value taxation back through. Lloyd George was also a fan.

These days our political leaders seem to be too timid to do anything unless a bunch of think tanks endorse it, and with the exception of some nutty housing stuff from Policy Exchange the only think tanks that gain any traction are extremely centrist and safe in their thinking.

For the increasing number of people priced out of home ownership and forced to rent in the iniquitous private sector, land value taxation to bring prices down can't come quickly enough.

Dan Sullivan's picture

Marcus, it's not about how much to tax, but about what to tax. You can tax less if you tax smart. No building tax means no disincentives to build, and that means less need for housing subsidies. No wage tax means workers can cost their employers less and still take home more. That means no need for job stimulus spending.

There's more benefits. Compact development means less sprawl, which means fewer roads and less need for protecting wildlife. The advantages given to small business means less monopoly and therefore less price gouging. Most of all, keeping land speculators out of the market means no nasty housing bubbles and foreclosure epidemics.

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