It’s a miserable little compromise, but we should still vote Yes to AV
AV might have its flaws but first-past-the-post isn't fit for purpose.
By Mehdi Hasan Published 15 April 2011
I agree with Nick. The Alternative Vote is, to borrow a much-quoted line from the leader of the Liberal Democrats, a "miserable little compromise". The pledge to hold a referendum on AV was a wheeze from Gordon Brown in the dying days of New Labour; there was no mention of it in the Tory or Lib Dem manifestos. AV isn't proportional, won't get rid of safe seats and might exaggerate Commons majorities.
Nonetheless, I'll be voting in favour of AV, and not the existing first-past-the-post (FPTP) system, in the referendum on 5 May. AV might have its flaws but FPTP isn't fit for purpose. It is a broken relic of the two-party era that gives disproportionate power and influence to a tiny band of swing voters in a handful of marginal seats in Middle England. Under AV, MPs are forced to command at least 50 per cent of the vote in their constituency - in 2010, under FPTP, two-thirds of MPs were elected without the support of a majority of voters in their seat.
First-past-the-post has failed on its own terms. In a recent speech, David Cameron claimed that the ability to "kick out governments" was the "best thing" about our present electoral system. Perhaps the Prime Minister has been living in a different country from me. In my 32-year lifetime, and over eight general elections, the government has changed hands just three times - in 1979, 1997 and 2010. Of the three election-winning prime ministers during this period - Margaret Thatcher (1979, 1983, 1987), John Major (1992) and Tony Blair (1997, 2001, 2005) - not a single one secured a majority of the votes cast.
Easy as one, two, three
Unable to defend or justify FPTP, the opponents of AV have resorted to deceit and dishonesty. Myths abound. The Alternative Vote isn't a foreign system. From trade unions to workplace committees, professional societies to student groups, millions of Britons already have experience of voting under AV. It doesn't require expensive voting machines, or cost £250m. To quote the comedian and Yes2AV campaigner Eddie Izzard: "The cost of AV is pencils." AV isn't a "confusing system" (David Cameron) or "fiendishly complicated" (Daily Mail). If the Australians can manage to rank candidates in a 1-2-3 order, so can we. AV doesn't automatically result in hung parliaments: over the past 100 years, Australia has had fewer hung parliaments under AV than the UK has had under FPTP. Meanwhile, Canada, despite using FPTP, has been beset by hung parliaments in recent years.
AV doesn't violate a "fundamental British principle - the principle of one person, one vote" (Sayeeda Warsi). Redistributing second, third or fourth preferences isn't the equivalent of casting a second, third or fourth vote. In the clever formulation of the Lib Dem MP Jo Swinson, speaking on BBC1's Question Time: "If I ask you to go and buy me a chocolate bar and say, 'I'd like a Mars but if they don't have that I'd like a Twix' and you come back with a Twix, I still only have one chocolate bar."
Opponents of AV claim that this last argument - centred around "one person, one vote" - is one of principle. But consider the results of last year's Labour leadership election conducted under - yes, you guessed it - the Alternative Vote. According to a recent study posted on the Left Foot Forward website, of the 102 Labour MPs who have signed up to the NotoAV campaign, 20 of them marked two preferences, seven marked three preferences, 12 marked four preferences and 41 MPs marked all five preferences.
These Labour MPs are not alone in their hypocrisy. Take the Tories. Under first-past-the-post, David Davis and not David Cameron might now be leader of the Conservative Party. In the first round of the party's leadership election, in October 2005, Davis got 62 votes to Cameron's 56. It was only in subsequent ballots, after the third- and fourth-placed candidates (Liam Fox and Kenneth Clarke) were knocked out, and the bulk of their supporters transferred over to Cameron, that he came out ahead of his rival in time for the postal ballot of Tory members.
What conclusion shall we draw? That there is one rule for the Conservative and Labour parties and another for parliament and the general public? Having won his own leadership contest with the help of second preferences, Cameron wants to deny the rest of us the same choice. Why wouldn't he? First-past-the-post delivered majority Tory governments on a minority of the vote for much of the 20th century.
So, is it any wonder that, in the words of the Lib Dem peer Matthew Oakeshott, the No campaign is "just a Tory front organisation"? The chairman, head of press, finance director, co-treasurer and key donors are all active Conservatives. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the L abour patrons of NotoAV - such as the former home secretaries John Reid and David Blunkett - are useful idiots.
Red/blue alliance
Enraged and obsessed with the Lib Dem "betrayal" last May, Labour tribalists have allied with the Conservatives (as well as the Murdoch media empire and the BNP) to defend the dysfunctional status quo. "Let's give Clegg a bloody nose," sneer Labour opponents of AV.
The embattled Lib Dem leader is a distraction. "Why hit the monkey when you can hit the organ grinder?" says the former shadow chancellor Alan Johnson. Cameron has as much to lose from the AV vote as Clegg - if not more so. The "pause" to the coalition's NHS reform bill is a reminder of how shaky the Prime Minister's grip on government is.
Meanwhile, backbench revolts are at a postwar high. As of February, according to Philip Cowley of Nottingham University, 76 Conservative MPs (representing a quarter of the parliamentary party) had voted against the government. Sixty of the 110 rebellions have involved only Tory MPs.
Cameron does not lead a happy party. The Prime Minister is neither loved nor feared by his colleagues in the way Thatcher was. A No vote in the AV referendum would give the PM a much-needed winner's badge and help him steady the Tory ship. A Yes vote would leave him branded a loser by his own unhappy party. Unlike the Labour Party, Conservatives tend not to tolerate losers for too long.
But the first and foremost reason to vote Yes on 5 May is to reform, improve and democratise our fractured electoral system - to vote for a fairer way of electing our MPs.
Correction: An earlier version of this article wrongly claimed that the MP Tom Harris had marked all five of his preferences in the Labour leadership election of 2010. He did not. He marked just one preference - for David Miliband.
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52 comments
I fear the referendum is a "heads you win tails I lose" gamble for those who support serious electoral reform. If they lose the "No" camp will forever say there is no support for reform and if the yes votes camp wins, they will say we have had our reform and kick any material reform into the long grass for the next 50 years.
The point is that AV within single member constituencies will do nothing to make the system more democratic except within each constituency. The impact on the overall result of who governs will remain a total lottery because the count takes no account of the party vote. This despite our entire politics from candidate selection through campaigning to who governs being based on party.
There are two basic ways to introduce democracy to the UK- an additional member system or, better by half, multi-member costituencies. Both major departures which will be resisted by both Labour and Tories as it would spell the end of their duopoly of power. The steady trend since 1945 of decreasing total votes for the pair of them has already arrived at hung parliament territory and ,unless there is a spectacular reversal in 50 + year trends, we are into coalition land as the norm in any case but it would be nice to live in a democracy.
@Charlie, you are plain wrong to say that "some people's votes" are counted more than once. An AV count has several stages. If preferences are redistributed, they are ADDED to existing totals for the remaining candidates, meaning that votes cast for leading candidates are ALSO counted a second or third time, at each stage of a count. There's no unfairness or unequal treatment - the only difference is that votes for leading candidates aren't moved around. But they are still counted at every stage. The only time someone's vote would NOT be counted is if they didn't complete their ballot paper and all their choices had been eliminated - in which case, they have ABSTAINED in a choice between the remaining candidates. And how can you count the vote of someone who has abstained?
@Sres
Just because it takes 4 pages more to explain AV does not mean it "doesn't really help". You're right that the counting is more complicated but I don't think ranking candidates according to preference is beyond the UK electorate.
I agree that many people will be voting for AV because they find it marginally preferable to FPTP and will then push for a more proportional system. We can bemoan the lack of choice but FPTP vs AV is the choice we're being given and voting no will probably be interpreted as contentment with the status quo rather than disapproval of the choice on offer.
I also agree that far too many people feel disenfranchised from the political process but again don't see how this can be an argument for FPTP (under which this situation has arisen).
You're right that AV does not necessarily help smaller parties. In fact, those with extreme views are, I would have thought, less likely to win seats under AV as they would need 50% of the vote. Depending on your point of view this could be an advantage or disadvantage but, even if you hold extreme views, you might accept that a candidate who wants to make radical changes to our politics should have to garner at least 50% support.
I don't see what is wrong with the supporters of smaller parties having a say in the final round of counting. They are still citizens of this country and that is democracy. Their vote will count for no more and no less than anyone else's vote in the final round of counting.
In the clever formulation of the Lib Dem MP Jo Swinson, speaking on BBC1's Question Time: "If I ask you to go and buy me a chocolate bar and say, 'I'd like a Mars but if they don't have that I'd like a Twix' and you come back with a Twix, I still only have one chocolate bar."
Jo Swinson appears to be unaware that a Twix is two chocolate bars.
"As Mehdi has said, it's far from perfect, but a No vote would kick electoral reform into the long grass for decades to come" - mtfhh
Absolutely. If we want real change we need to vote Yes. Tippy-toeing our way to a just and fair voting system isn't ideal, but we must work with what we've got in the short-term to achieve our longer term aims.
"I'll be voting no,...I'll be holding out for a more proportional voting system, thanks." - Nathaniel Myers
Whaaaaaat? You think that by voting against electoral reform you'll be more likely to see the reform you want?
If that's the attitude of people who actually want reform, then all I can say is that the No Campaign has played a blinder. Register your content with the current system as a way of pushing for reform! Jesus wept.
No, Jo Swinson's example is not ridiculous. If you gave them 50p for the Mars, but said you'll also accept a Twix, you've still only spent 50p. Same applies to your vote.
Vote NO to AV don't forget Mr Pledge would have 80+ seats. This could have caused a coalition with Labour. He and his band of nutters could be screwing us by now. Think about it. Vote NO X
"You realise that this referendum will take voting reform off the cards for a generation? I'll be holding out for a more proportional voting system, thanks."
And so will a No vote. To all supporters of PR, don't let the best be the enemy of the better.
mittfh - 'Surely the most convincing argument for AV is that most politicians are against it...'
Or to put it another way, Clegg is FOR it. The quickest way to destroy the coalition and to save the NHS is to make the Lib Dems realise there's nothing in the coalition for them.
rl - 'First past the post general elections allow, more often than not, the people to remove one lot, lock , stock and barrel..'
Only to replace them with another lot, who they will replace in a few years with another lot. Don't you think it's about time we realised that politicians are part of the problem, not the solution?
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