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To the schools that have, more is given

Labour’s academy programme at least had the noble aim of helping failing schools in poorer areas. Michael Gove, the Education Secretary, plans on giving the freedoms that go with such status to the most socially exclusive state schools in Britain.

"Education, education, education." Despite 13 years in power, and six different education secretaries, Labour's record on schools was patchy. Standards at secondary level improved considerably, but, according to one London School of Economics study, "the improvement in primary schools since 2000 has been more muted". During the same period, middle-class parents pored ever more obsessively over school league tables and Ofsted reports, and monopolised the best state primary and secondary schools at the expense of poorer families.

Can this self-proclaimed "progressive" Tory-Lib Dem coalition do any better? The Conservatives' election manifesto correctly identified "improving our school system" as "the most important thing we can do to make opportunity more equal and address our declining social mobility". And in Michael Gove, the government has a clever and ambitious politician to push through its contentious programme to reform the country's schools.

The new Education Secretary - one of his first acts was to rename his department the Department for Education - is a fascinating character. A founding member of the "modernising" faction in the Conservative Party, and one of a handful of backbench MPs who urged an inexperienced David Cameron to stand for the leadership in 2005, Gove is, in the words of a friend who has known him since his student days at Oxford University, "a formidable debater, with a very sharp mind . . . [and a] very effective big-picture operator".

Heir to Blair

Gove was a pluralist long before Cameron exchanged vows with Nick Clegg. And he remains the Conservative frontbencher most likely to reach out across party lines in order to win hearts and minds - a useful quality for an Education Secretary facing a battle with the teaching unions. In the run-up to the Iraq war in 2003, Gove expressed admiration for Tony Blair ("I can't fight my feelings any more: I love Tony"); he has also lavished praise on Andrew Adonis, the Blairite former schools minister and architect of Labour's education reform agenda. During the coalition negotiations last month, Gove even used a BBC interview to announce that he would be willing to give up his own cabinet seat to a Liberal Democrat.

His may have been the last major cabinet post to be filled during the horse-trading that led to the formation of the Con-Lib Dem coalition, but it would be a mistake to underestimate Gove's importance to Cameron. A member of the so-called Notting Hill set, Gove was one of only two Tory frontbenchers who attended the private family burial of the Prime Minister's son Ivan in March 2009. His wife, the columnist Sarah Vine, is a close friend of Samantha Cameron and often helps with the school run for the PM's two children, Nancy and Arthur.

Gove, charming and self-deprecating in person, is said to see himself as a future prime minister. As the adopted son of a Labour-supporting family in Aberdeen, whose adoptive father was a fish merchant, he would certainly command wider support than, say, the privileged George Osborne. One former colleague of the Education Secretary says he is "the politest man I have ever met". But for all his pluralist credentials, Gove is a card-carrying Eurosceptic right-winger, with a Thatcherite agenda for education. He has, for example, lined up two apologists for empire, Andrew Roberts and Niall Ferguson, to advise on a new history curriculum, and has scrapped the previous government's programme of extending free school meals to a further 500,000 low-income families. Moreover, he says he has "no ideological objection" to private companies seeking to profit from the running of academy schools.

According to Chris Husbands of the Institute of Education, the Tories' plans for a new generation of academies may well amount to the "most significant change in the school system in 45 years". Cameron and Gove are staking much of the government's "radical" reputation on their Academies Bill, which allows for up to 500 secondary and 1,700 primary schools to apply for academy status before September, thereby opting out of local-authority supervision. Sold to the public as a revolutionary act of localism and "parent power", the Academies Bill in fact disenfranchises parents. Instead, it empowers head teachers and governors, and hands huge powers to a single politician in Whitehall. "It is hard to escape the conclusion that this bill is undemocratic," the education barrister David Wolfe has said. "What it does is remove the public process. Nobody, apart from the Education Secretary and the governors, will be able to stop the process."

Two-tier education

In any case, are more academies the answer? "There is no evidence that an expansion of the academies programme . . . would improve average educational attainment," said the LSE's Centre for Economic Performance in April. And a study carried out by the centre-right think tank Civitas in December 2009, found a "lack of expected transparency" in the exam results published by such schools. Because academies are exempted from the Freedom of Information Act, "We do not know how they are achieving their results at GCSE level."

Nonetheless, Gove has informed all schools judged "outstanding" by Ofsted that they have been "pre-approved" for academy status. But
if they are already outstanding, why meddle with them? Under Labour, academies at least had a somewhat noble aim: to replace "failing" schools in predominantly poorer areas. By contrast, the coalition is offering academy status, and the freedoms that go with it, to some of the most socially exclusive schools in the country.

Will there be resistance to Gove's plans? "You wouldn't want to find yourself on the right side of an argument against Michael, let alone the wrong side of one," says one friend of the Education Secretary. And the front-runners for the Labour leadership are compromised by their support for academies in office and their refusal to repent in opposition.

Labour has made much of the likely costs of Gove's reforms, but its opposition to this "rolling back of the state" across the education sector has to be based on principle, not affordability. We are heading towards a two-tier, market-orientated school system in which power is concentrated in the hands of the Secretary of State. So much for "progressive" Conservatism and the "big society".

11 comments

Rick's picture

Well Mr Hasan, last week it was the Armed Forces, this week it's schools. I've spent over a decade in each, and you clearly don't know what you are talking about. Stick to politics. Labour's record on education wasn't patchy, it was rubbish. Secondary grades improved because the exam boards, with Government leaning on them, kept dropping the grade boundaries. Are you seriously telling me that 31% on a physics GCSE written paper deserves a C grade? That 1 mark on a Media Studies paper (out of 40) still gets a grade? This is no use to anyone; industry, academia or the child. Against any international measure, e.g. PISA, the UK state sector has been going steadily downhill. Medals for everyone does not work. I would also point out that Winchester doesn't publish how it achieves it's grades, but I don't hear anyone calling it a bad school. Except Hampshire CC, where it rates about 80th because of the pathetic hoop-jumping exercise of league tables. In case you haven't noticed, we already have a two-tier system public/grammar, and state secondary. At least Mr Gove is providing a chance for some state schools to improve. The fact is Government/local authorities have had negative impacts on schools. Logically the solution is to get rid of centralised control. Of course, if the Government screws up the whole exam system, everybody loses, and has lost. Hence the reason for allowing schools to teach IGCSE. You need to get it through your thick heads that whatever your idealogical objections to the private sector, Labour state micromanagement has consistently made things WORSE.

Kippers's picture

Although the objective of Academies under New Labour was improvement to secondary schools in challenging contexts, it was never clear how Academies would contribute to that goal. The sponsors do not have any experience in secondary education in challenging environments, and it is difficult to find out what innovations are being tried out and how they are beng evaluated. There is no clear analysis of what was wrong with LEA control and what was wrong with the national curriculum, and in what way the Academy model is an improvement. I know this because I am a parent of children at an Academy and the parents have been asking these questions since the school opened. The head teacher has admitted that the school follows the national curriculum 99% of the time and that the best innovations (in teaching for those whose first language isn't English, for example) is part of LEA programmes: the head teacher has never been able to cite an innovation coming from the sponsor.

The use of the Academy model by the Conservative Party is even more mysterious, as there appears to be no overall objective except to remove schools from LEA control and to hand over management to the so-called "sponsors". Although Academies are mentioned in the same breath as schools run by parents, this is misleading: the main feature of Academies is that parents have very little influence in how they are run. Academies are run centrally by civil servants in the Department of Education and, on a day to day basis, by the sponsor. The number of parent-governors is much less than in an LEA-run school. The sponsor chooses the majority of the governors, which makes it difficult for governors to hold the sponsor to account. There is no democratic oversight from the LEA. The flow of information to parents and the public is blocked by commercial confidentiality clauses and FoI exemptions.

So what is the point of Academies? Why make schools that are already better than average into Academies? I can only conlcude that the point is to remove parental oversight of schools, and to provide income opportunities to private companies for the management of schools on contract to the Department of Education.

Daniele1's picture

Kippers:
You said it all about academies.There are just a huge con. They constitute a way of privatising State education through the back door.
Tanino:
You must live in cockoo land.So you think that every school doing a different curriculum according to the whims of the sponsors is a good idea?Really? What if you don't like the philosophy of your local academy? what if you move to another part of the country and your kids' new school follow a totally different curriculum and a different kind of exams. That would be great for continuity and coherence at national level, wouldn't it? It is complete nonsense and anyone with half an ounce of common sense can see that. But as Kippers remarked, it is a way for private companies (and religious organisations) to make a buck or two at the expense of your child's education and future.

David Baines's picture

A quite interesting character profile of Mr Gove, but the policy detail he is proposing is far more intriguing and worrying.

Contrary to what the previous 'comment' says ('thick heads', Rick? Really?), there have been numerous improvements in education on the frontline in the last 13 years as a result of Labour policy. I am a Primary School teacher in the state sector, so I have seen first hand in recent years actual physical changes which have benefited the pupils and staff - new school buildings, more money for equipment and resources, cutting edge investments in ICT and new technologies to help prepare pupils for work, and initiatives such as Every Child Matters and Sure Start which have changed - in different ways - aspects of education for the better.

There have of course been some not-so-succesful moments, and when the government has tried to get too prescriptive, such as with the National Numeracy and Literacy strategies, it has soon taken steps back again when it has seen it wasn't working. Indeed, the Rose Review for Primary Education which would have given ALL Primaries the freedom to teach more of what they want, when they want has in fact been ditched by the new government, so teachers don't know what we are meant to be teaching at all.

It is not in the interests of a fair and equitable society to have a large minority of its children, mostly in wealthy areas, educated differently to others in the state sector. We need a National Curriculum to be a benchmark of assured content and expectations, a guarantee that whether your child is at school in Hackney or Harrow, St Helens or Sevenoaks, it will have access tot he same quality of education and therefore the same chances later in life as every other child. Giving wealthy individuals and organisations the chance to set up their own schools at the expense (literally it seems, as BSF is cancelled) of already existing schools is not a fair, rational or necessary change to make.

Unfortunately we may have to wait 20 years for our children's generation to teach Mr Gove that lesson.

Whig's picture

Shame to let the facts get in the way of things but for the record the Free Schools bill prevents private companies making a profit from the establishment of the new schools.

Daniele1's picture

Yes Labour has presided over some physical improvements in schools like: no more buckets in classrooms to collect the rain leaking from the roof.( once I had 4 in my own classroom). Vast amounts of money have seen to that.
Unfortunately it has also introduced an Orwellian world where as Rick says above 31% in Physics still gives you a C or even better a 13% in Maths gives you a C! And where there is no such thing as failure to pass an exam. It has now become a "deferred success". No I am not making this up!
But what the new government is coming up with now is more ludicrous reforms which, not only will not solve any of the existing problems of inequality of provision but actually will reinforce the educational and social apartheid which exists in British schools. When the GCSE was introduced, its main purpose was to make sure every child in every school was getting the same curriculum and sitting the same exams.It was an attempt at producing a national system of education, uniform and fair (in the State sector that is). Now we are told that diversity and choice is the thing to have to improve education. Why or why would people want a diversity of schools?? Like hospitals, what parents want is a good reliable local school where you can be sure that your kid will receive the same kind of education as in the next town .
This business with "free schools" is another gimmick which will create yet another layer of inequality as if there wasn't enough as it is.Don't even get me started on the kind of sponsors who will want to start those schools. God knows what will go on in those schools if they are free to invent their own curriculum and write their own rules. You could end up with a totally chaotic system which will be the end of a national system of education. It is pure folly and it won't work.
If the government, any government had a serious intention to create a socially fair system, they would start by abolishing private schools. The rest is a total waste of time. As long as the rich can send their kids to their own separate schools, the State schools will be automatically mediocre at best, total rubbish at worst. Gove who is not stupid knows that of course but he is playing the "let's do something to show we're are doing something" game.
Private schooling in this country is the elephant in the room.Everybody is pretending it's not there or it doesn't matter.
AS long as British people tolerate educational apartheid, nothing will change in this country and the class system will live on and on.

Attrition47's picture

Brute force management and a redistribution of resources within the school system are not changes, they are the consequences of Liarbour's return to class based education in all but name. Bent exam grades are also an inevitable concomitant of a commercial exploitation system based in schools. There is no room for an academic criterion when profits are at stake.

PhilDuval's picture

Great to see some really good posts on the NS for once. The pro and anti- comments all have something to recommend in them. But I have to say that Daniele is the person with whom I agree most.

This is a class poisoned nation and all the worse because of it. It is reinforced on a daily basis in our school system.

I am not against the idea of schools having greater independence from central government per se but introducing the profit motive into yet another area of public life is sickening and wrong.

DNA2012's picture

was written by fiona miller for you, have you not heard of the 'pupil premium'?

Tanino's picture

The only plausible question in your article is why the government wants to give autonomy to the better schools when the worst are obviously more in need.

A school with independent curricula, set to the needs of the students rather than the auspices of the government, would do wonders. Go to a secondary school and look at the history and English they study, look at "PSHE", look at the lack of Latin and Greek. Comprehensives are rubbish and GCSEs are worthless, let the schools decide. Give parents, teachers and headmasters freedom.

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