Bolivia's racial onslaught
Bolivian socialist politician César Navarro - ambushed by a mob in his country's constitutional capi
By César Navarro Published 16 June 2008In Bolivia racial violence is being encouraged and promoted by regional governments, civic committees and right-wing political organisations.
Evo Morales, who cut his teeth as an indigenous political leader through his campaigns for the coca-leaf growers union in the tropics of Cochabamba, has developed a revolutionary discourse born out of Bolivia’s social movements which is anti-imperialist, anti-colonial and anti-neoliberal.
This consists mainly of the principles of defence of national sovereignty, of natural resources, and of land, equality between men and women and respect for human rights.
This political praxis has formed the basis for public policy. However, these policies are being resisted internally and externally by those who are opposed politically, ideologically and culturally to the revolutionary process that the Bolivian people are living, breathing and building.
The opposition, which operates through civic organisations, regional governments, business groups and the media - meanwhile - has constructed a rhetoric or, if you like, a counter-discourse which turns President Evo Morales’ good qualities into bad ones, accuses him of being an indigenous-fundamentalist, undemocratic, an enemy of private investment; a foe of the middle classes and a defender of centralised government in opposition to regional autonomy.
This discourse, which is being used to paint both the President and the process of political change as a force for ill, has created an atmosphere which is intended to breed conditions for social and racial violence towards Bolivia's indigenous and working classes.
Dramatic manifestations of such social and racial violence, which are tolerated and encouraged by political nuclei of the opposition were seen in the city of Cochabamba in January 2007, in Sucre in September 2007 and May 2008; in Santa Cruz in August and December 2007 and May 2008 and in the regions of Beni and Pando in June 2008. Organised groups planned and carried out violence against indigenous people and peasants, and they publicly expressed their collective discourse through racist phrases such as: “fucking indian”.
Many of us, both men and women, are victims of this violence which is a result of the political mediocrity of the opposition and the racial arrogance of tiny sectors of society; they are part of the process of destabilising our President and the structural transformation that we are living through.
This article is not an attempt to theorise the violence that we are experiencing, but a testimony of what many of us suffer, its purpose is not for us to complain or to present ourselves as martyrs, but to let the world know how the right-wing, displaced from political power by popular mobilisation, defeated at the ballot box by a whole people, now uses overt racism as part of its discourse and action.
Racism is not admissible in the world in the 21st century, but it must be known that it is being promoted in Bolivia by sectors of the population which are economically powerful. These groups, today settled in the region of Santa Cruz, many of them offspring of immigrants from Europe, Asia and the Middle East have appropriated the indigenous identity of Santa Cruz, known as “camba” and this is being used to show racial supremacy over the “colla” and “chapaco” (indigenous people of the West and South of Bolivia).
This means that the historical challenge for Evo and the Bolivian process is not limited to the need to structurally modify the State, the economy and society but also to eliminate internal neo-colonialism once and for all.
The liberation of the people means the reaffirmation of their identity, not a negation of the other but a respect for differences.
César Navarro is an MP of the Bolivian Movement towards Socialism party. He was attacked, along with Senator Carmen Rosa Velásquez, at the airport of the Bolivian city of Sucre. The attack occurred while Navarro was travelling to his constituency in Potosí; he was manhandled by a waiting gang while Senator Velásquez was set upon, the group pushing her about, pulled her hair and hit her. Stones were then thrown at them as they escaped by taxi. Navarro has now decided to avoid passing through Sucre when travelling between his constituency and Bolivia's capital, La Paz.
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19 comments
Whilst I agree that land reform in Bolivia is essential to develop a healthy social democracy (my opinion) I really don't think the NS should ever be a platform for politicians- they use too much emotive rhetoric. All this article has done is give rise to a flood ill defined irrational arguements about semantics. Oh and back handed insults as usual antileft.
Errr...Bob, I hate to tell you this but until the Spanish arrived, the whole bloody country belonged to the 'indians'.
If the white elites are running the country for the benefit of the white elite, as opposed to the general welfare of the non-white majority...that is still colonialist. It just happens that the colonists declared independence from the mother-country. Apartheid South Africa and white Rhodesia in Africa, were similar in this respect.
Morales can only be called a racist IF his comments and actions are aimed at the white minority because they are white and for no other reason.
What a nice coincidence that in this week's issue of your magazine you have articles about Zimbabwe and Bolivia. Kindly read this:-
1.- He came to power with more than fifty percent of the electorate's vote.
2.- Great hopes were placed on him as he was seen as a representative of a long-oppresed people.
3.- Favourable international opinion was on his side as remorse-bitten former colonial powers saw a chance to erase a black spot in their histories. In some cases by default.
4.- Accepted even by his opponents, he was seen as a positive sign of change in a society in dire need of better conditions and opportunities for its people.
5.- Obviously with everybody (cronies on first line) and eveything at his feet, his prejudiced and ill-formed mind began to think that he was God's gift to mankind and started on a series of far-fetched, vengeful and impractical social projects.
6.- To begin with, he decided to distribute the country's agricultural areas to his hungry hordes. By doing that, he disrupted the productive process which resulted, after some events, in galloping inflation which , in turn , opened Pandora's box.
7.- He decided to confront, head-on, the lighter skinned, white, productive and educated middle classes. The race issue, always latent underneath and surely a black mark on the country's history, became explosive with open strife.
8.- He intends to, or has already, nationalised key industries, by itself not a bad measure because multinational companies, the world over, hoard other countries wealth. But instead of finding a positive middle way between capital and social issues, he decided on the social issue alone. In this case employment for his party's members. Result: bloated payrolls and rampant inefficiency.
9.- Following the old political maxim"take care of your warriors", he decided upon a plan to revitalize the police and armed forces. By "revitalize" he meant of course to put them on his side and use all their facilities and prerogatives to further his political goals. At a price of course: generous endowments to the top brass.
10.- As any self-respecting dictatorship must do, he embarked on some terror tactics against his opponents. He shot a few and kidnapped some. Unfortunately for him, however, the judicial system proved to have, on some instances, that scarce commodity: justice.
11.- Clearly, he couldn't forget the use of propaganda in his government. He converted the state radio and television network into a loyal servant proclaiming lies, half lies, half truths and total untruths.
In short, he led his country into total chaos.
Now, dear reader, who are we talking about ?.
Evo Morales or Rober Mugabe ?
Answer: both
Evo is using Class warfare for political gain. Why Are not more people taking about the Venezuelan soldiers who stand armed on street corners in Lapaz with machine guns?
From Hugh O'Shaughnessy (of this magazine):
"These people, many of them white or near-white, would then be able to relax happy in the thought that they could virtually sever relations with the majority of Bolivians, the dark indigenous little men in the mountains whom they call the Collas.
Unlike the Collas the Cambas’ leaders each tend to have a few thousand rolling acres and good deal of spare cash. They have impeccably European names such as Branko Marinkovic or Rubén Costas and they think they have friends in the US capital who don’t like Morales."
In this article:
"the right is using racist rhetoric to build an atmosphere of violence".
Is it just the right which is using racist retoric? And if not, why do you phrase it as though it is?
By the way, Cesar, I approve of your attempt to give more power and say to the indigenous people. However- doing it with Venezuela-style socialism (instead of Lula-style socialism) is a stupid idea. I hope you either know better, or are too incompetant to pull it off.
Glad to see Frank Fields nonsense has been removed. I can really do without reading that kind of tripe.
Mr. Navarro, after reading your article, I can't beleive you have the nerve to go public and write an article like this.
When you say Evo is about anti- colonal, you have just admitted he (and you) are racist. When you talk about people with names like, Branco and Ruben, you are suggesting racism. When you talk about the oligarchy, you are just as racist as the "right wing". More so because your party is in power and trying to take away things from people that have worked hard over the years to get ahead. Many of the people who came to Bolivia years ago, came with nothing and built themselves and their familes a good life. They didn't steal it from you and yours. You and yours are still living in the mountians chewing coca leafs, not working and being resentiful of the people who have worked and are successful. Now you want to come down out of the mountians and take things away from those who have worked. Well, Hello, Those people aren't going to let you do that.
You talk about Evo, still being the president of the coca-growers union. Mr. Navarro, that's not anything to be proud of!! But it does go to show the mentality of the people in M.A.S.
So this member of a party which locked out the ones they disagreed with to railroad through an illegal and yet to actually be written constitution, supporting a president who can only see Bolivia as one race, not the many it really is, who maintains private militias to do his dirty work, who draws the racial divide everytime he cannot have his way, is saying others are racist? MAS is a joke. It represents racism and oppression in more extreme ways than ever before. The trouble in CCBA last year was caused by Evo sending in his cocaleros to start violence, killing an innocent teenager, starting fires. Reading this article it is obvious that this MP still cannot grasp that there are people in Bolivia who do not want MAS style socialism and racism, corruption and nespotism. And it is not some mythical group of white men. Look at the picture. There are many indegious people who do not buy into the self serving power grab these blinded peons of chavez are selling. The president, in order not to be a "fucking indian" needs to realize he is to represent a country of many peoples, not just one ethnic group.
The real problem here is that the government should not be and should never have been in La Paz. If MAS wants the government there then they should make a referendum to have it made the legal capital. Until that happens MAS will see it's majority eroded until they become an Aymara only party like CONDEPA was.