“Science tells you that your opinion is worthless. That’s difficult”
The NS Interview: Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw, physicists
By Helen Lewis Published 08 December 2011 12:50
The NS Interview: Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw, physicists
You've co-authored a book called The Quantum Universe. Why should we value quantum physics research?
Brian Cox: Exploring the way that nature works is a good idea - given that we are part of it and living in it and manipulating it. Every big particle accelerator that's been built has discovered something other than the thing it was supposed to discover. That's the point of exploration: you don't know what you're going to find.
Jeff Forshaw: Solar panels, that's quantum physics. The laser is a direct exploitation of quantum physics: we wouldn't have discovered it if we didn't know quantum mechanics.
Is Britain punching above its weight in terms of scientific research?
BC: Way above. We are second only to the US by any measure. Some 14.7 per cent of the highest scientific papers in the world come from the UK and we have 3 per cent of the research-spend and 1 per cent of the population. We are the most efficient scientific nation in the world.
What do you make of neutrinos apparently being measured moving faster than the speed of light - which would overturn Einstein?
BC: Science should be really honest - the experimenters don't believe the result, I don't think, because it does require a big revision of our understanding of physics. But they check it, they can't find anything wrong, so the correct thing to do is publish. You shouldn't sit on results just because they're surprising.
JF: There are loads of apparent discoveries in physics - we've found the Higgs Boson a dozen times already! There's nothing wrong with that. The false alarms get weeded out.
BC: You can think of areas where that's problematic: medical research, for example, where the behaviour of people depends on the research - I'm thinking of disasters like the MMR scare. But in general science should be really naive; there shouldn't be PR spin or politics.
JF: If people are interested in science, part of the journey they'll get to enjoy is seeing false alarms and how evidence mounts until we can make a very strong statement.
How much of a responsibility do you feel to be an advocate for science generally?
BC: A lot. I think the peer-review process is the best way we have of giving our best view on how nature works. There are no absolute truths in science. Take a so-called controversy such as climate change: the correct thing to say is that we make measurements of the climate, we look at the data, we model it and here are a range of predictions. While it's easy to point out the flaws, in general it's unarguable that science works. . . because we're not in fucking caves!
What motivates climate sceptics and the rest?
BC: Carl Sagan pointed out that "Science challenges". And the natural human response from people who are educated, who have a title or position, is to assume their opinion is worth something. And science tells you that your opinion is worthless when confronted with the evidence. That's a difficult thing to learn. When you look back at the Greeks or Romans and think, "Why didn't they get science?", maybe it was that.
JF: As a theoretical physicist, most of my time is spent doing calculations that are wrong. It's a humbling exercise, a massive dose of humility.
How can we teach that process?
BC: Quantum mechanics is interesting, because it's a theory that is absolutely shocking in its implications and yet not technically difficult. I think it should be taught in schools for that reason. Measurements of the world suggested something very odd - that particles can be in multiple places at once - so we developed a theory and it works. It's that process of saying: "Your preconceptions about reality are not right, because the evidence says so."
JF: Look through a window - how can you see through it? The answer is what a little kid might think: because there is virtually nothing there, it's an illusion of solidity. That's why the entire universe could fit into a pinhead, because it's empty.
One of the book's messages is not to trust your intuition. So how do you distinguish between a bonkers idea - and a bonkers idea that's right?
BC: Experiment! Make predictions.
JF: Put a number on it. People like me calculate what we expect to see, and people like Brian are involved in experiments.
Was there a plan for your career?
BC: No, other than I wanted to do physics.
JF: In the third year of my PhD I thought I wanted to become a schoolteacher.
Is there anything you'd like to forget?
JF: The haircut I had in 1984 - I had one of those Chris Waddle cuts, permed at the back.
Are we all doomed?
JF: The only thing that will save us is fundamental physics, because we have to escape to a distant part of the universe.
BC: On the human timescale, the adoption of the scientific method - making rational decisions based on evidence - that's the important thing. Look at public policy, health policy, economics: there's a reluctance to be humble.
Defining moments
1989 Forshaw graduates from Oxford with a First; gains PhD from Manchester in 1992
1993 While an undergraduate student at Manchester, Cox joins the band D:Ream
1997 Cox awarded PhD at Manchester
1999 Forshaw wins the Maxwell Medal
2010 Cox presents the BBC programme Wonders of the Solar System
2010 Cox and Forshaw co-author the popular science book Why Does E=mc2?
2011 Reunited for The Quantum Universe
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72 comments
That's now matter now.
Steve
Nursing Program On LaGuardia Community College (LAGCC)
"The only thing that will save us is fundamental physics, because we have to escape to a distant part of the universe."
Surely you jest! If we escape we will be taking whatever we are "escaping" from with us. What we have to do is find a way of accepting scientific truths and spiritual (please note: NOT religious) truths equally and integrating them into a harmonious way of life.
Why are some suggesting that Prof. Cox is not a proper scientist?
Helen, Take a look at this website.
http://aintreeiron17.blogspot.com/
Ever wondered if a certain person was who he said he was with the things he said he had.
"And science tells you that your opinion is worthless when confronted with the evidence."
...and so you change your opinion, no? Or would that represent a 'debased' opinion which was modified by the actuality? Are we supposed to form indelible opinions as children in the absence of any evidence, maybe while we're locked in a dark room, then emerge into the sunlight and laws of physics and feel like idiots?
I think what you meant was that our intuitions are worthless. That is not the same thing.
and while I'm on the subject of opinions...as regards my opinions on consciousness, science still has fuck all to tell me for all those multicoloured fMRI pictures showing me the 'love at first sight' region of the brain or the 'I like cheese' neurons.
I tell you what would make a good experiment btw...take any two physics PhDs, give them a wodge of Topman vouchers or whatever...they can even take Gok Wan...I'm willing to bet that 5 hours later if you put them in a line-up with 20 random punters dragged off the street, 95% of people asked could still identify them in a spot the nerd test.
I bet there are real proper scientists out there right now, shaking with rage at fop-haired Brian Cox (the thinking woman's crumpet) and his brand of sexy pop-science. lol ... I blame the BBC myself.
"Ain't gravity brilliant..."
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kkDrmW_oHU
Have you got an ice pop Tesco shelf stacker in one of the fridges?
John Dewey, the American pragmatist said that if it works then use it. You can go on forever about what is scientific proof but ultimately it comes down to usage.
I think 'worthless' is too strong a word. Most scientsts are rational people and recognise that you're only as good as your next theory, and someone is bound to come along and top you. You may be feeling a bit peeved but thats life.
I say most scientists are 'rational', but only when it comes to science. They are like everyone else when it comes to personal relationships and politics ie as eccentric as everybody else. In fact Newton was quite a nutter, although a genius.
"Funny, given the title, that the comments section for this article is so full of people giving their opinions on things they clearly don't understand."
prove it ;o)
Brian Cox appears to adopt a positivist position on science with no justification. It was totally debunked by Karl Popper decades ago.
If opinions are worthless then where does the inductive speculation in scientific research come from?
Certainly not from logic or empirical observation.
Did Cox actually study philosophy of science? He could start with Popper on the necessity of myth and inductive speculation, or with Imre Lakatos's seminal paper on the scientific methodology: http://www.tiac.net/~cri/1999/lakatos.html
I was watching Carl Sagan's 'Cosmos, recently and he claimed the Romans and the Greeks both discouraged science and free enquiry in favour of religion in order to control the people and to keep slavery going. I know Sagan is a big hero of Brian Cox's so he must expand on this in his writings.
Why do I find his so bloody irritating? And that awful Radio 4 programme where the boys from the 6th form spend 30 minutes trying to convince us that science is 'cool' and a bit of a laugh really. It makes me cringe.
It's a good link John .. interesting paper.
"Why do I find his so bloody irritating?"
coz you is old grandad.
"It makes me cringe."
me too, coz i is old 'n all.
but then it should not come as a great shock to us that 2 hyper-intelligent geeks, trying to show off about their favourite things, come across as being a bit, well, geeky and irritating.
Funny, given the title, that the comments section for this article is so full of people giving their opinions on things they clearly don't understand.
I wonder if we'll ever see education shift towards encouraging people to be less pretentious?
I like that jankaas.
la potenza della speranza.
Good point about religion. If science was held back for say 300 years, we would be at least 150
years ahead of the game now. If this was the case and we had clean cheap energy, millions would not now be starving - another reason why organised religion is well past its sell by date.
Also, present day legal systems are making the same mistake basing what they do on precedent rather than logic. The result is that law is not only a blind ass, but it is not able to easily correct it's own mistakes!
Re Feynman, it's a pity NASA and government bureaucrats were too dumb to understand him. Our politicians could learn a lot from reading his hilarious books.
"Did Cox actually study philosophy of science?"
oh dear, here come the Humanities....
"If opinions are worthless then where does the inductive speculation in scientific research come from?"
straw man. the point Cox makes is that one's opinion relative to established science is not likely to be very valuable. science tries to be objective rather than subjective (emphasis on tries. we are deeply flawed as humans after all, hence peer review).
in a nutshell; each allowed their opinion but not their own facts.
but ultimately you would have to ask him yourself i guess.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30ruBtLIvJM
Just to confuse things,wasn't it Bertrand Russell who said that facts are only things that everybody can agree on. The implication being that there is no objective reality? Although I think he did eventually prove that 1 + 1 = 2.
Spud Middleton ... comeon now there are really handsome brutes hanging out in those physics labs. No wait what the hell do I know, I'm a straight bloke and I don't go anywhere near science labs.
In the summer here I usually wear a singlet, pair of shorts and a pair of plastic crocs ... does that qualify me as beings cooly dressed?
Popper ah lets see there is no truth just things that cannot be falsified, so truths that cannot be doubted. A great philosopher and word smith.
Basically all we know to be science fact, is in fact, unfalsifiable, which to the average joe, means true.
2+2 is not four in the decimal system its just the unfalsifiable result.
Is it not a matter of opinion what is accepted as evidence?
There are many unknowns in the universe, and scientists can only peel away the layers to reveal even more unknowns. This life of Brian is interesting. Agree that quantum mechanics should be taught in schools instead of media studies.
I've usually got a lot of time for Brian Cox but where does he get the idea that the Greeks and Romans didn't get science?
"Is it not a matter of opinion what is accepted as evidence?"
It is a matter of opinion. I ask people to look at my line-up and pick out the two who in my opinion are the nerdiest? My hypothesis states that if we carry out this test repeatedly, the proportion of times the two Physics guys are selected will be greater than or equal to 95%. It's based on yet another thesis of mine that the brains of homo sapiens carry a network of neurons whose purpose is nerd-detecting. This isn't a genetic thing but a culturally instituted attribute. If I had access to a fMRI scanner I could probably even show you the 'nerd-centre'-as I like to call it. I'm guessing it's a bright lilac region just to the left of the "Quick grab the last roast spud before someone else does" cortex.
Great Article
However, we have known that the Universe is in violation of Einstein for a couple of decades now.
Why is this a BIG deal, now?
Wayne
Science and physics should be taught from the age of 5 in schools. Why are children taught almost to be afraid of science? I didn't have any inspirational teachers of physics at school. However, I did have a brilliant chemistry teacher. As so as i was told that the elements in the periodic table made up the whole world as we know it- if we found a new element- we may have to reassess. Chemistry became both fascinating and easier to understand.
I love philosophy and whilst a gcse maths failure, I love the philosophy of maths- the idea of infinity. I would love to know where we came from. But perhaps that is not the right question. Also, could all the elements that form together, to produce a point in time, ever be repeated?
I can't believe we fund religions without any question, but do not fund science. Why are we so against looking at the universe? Are we so scared?
Good on Brian for bringing science to the public's attention, in an informative and interesting way.
How many thesis do you have Spud Middleton? I must admit it has certainly got me thinking. I do know two science guys. They are very matter of fact. Wait a minute is it just physics dudes? Those two are engineering and agriculture grads. Err Physics that's really got me thinking about who I know. I've never met one in a bar. There was this bloke called Joe Cool who studied Physics back in my uni days. We used to buy hash off him and talk about quantum physics. He wasn't nerdy. Maybe he was just part of the 5%.
Joe Cool actually nicked one of my uni girlfriends but to tell the truth it was a blessing in disguise for she had very smelly clothes like she had weed in them but not cleaned them. You'll be kissing her and you'll get this wiff of stale urine.
One day I saw her holding hands with Joe Cool, the physics student. He had a scruffy appearance as well ... although I never got close enough to sniff his garments. He probably smelt a bit. People used to take the piss out of him but he got hold of some great hash. One night he came around to my place and I and this German girl Martina smoked some of his gear. It was really good stuff and when he went off to the dance me and Martina had wild sex on the bed, up and down the walls, and nearly into the kitchen. She wasn't a physics student.
"How many thesis do you have Spud Middleton?"
theses...Divine
...how many? I really can't put a figure on it...but I probably come up with about 10-15 new ones every day. Obviously I abandon some in the light of new evidence. As a 'for instance', I saw a guinea pig water-skiing on Youtube the other day and had to completely revise virtually everything I'd ever formulated within the-admittedly narrow-field of Rodent Gestalt Psychology. I'm nothing if not a slave to the scientific method, Mr D...you know that.
from another forum a contributor stated the following about, which i still find compelling;
methodological naturalism is no more than a procedural protocol in science that isolates it from the unprovable chatter about competing speculative ontologies (i.e. natural or supernatural).
good science only operates in the sphere of methodological naturalism, and doesn't need to bother itself with ontologies.
Isn't it thesisi? Like cacti.
"There was this bloke called Joe Cool who studied Physics back in my uni days."
WTF are you on about?...'called' Joe Cool? You mean he asked people to call him Joe Cool, or people spontaneously christened him Joe Cool because they decided he was so cool. Fuckin sad either way Mr D...and almost certainly an instance of you conflating vague memories of actual events from your youth with Snoopy cartoons...again.
Yes I have seen him on the TV here in Oz but it didn't occur to me that he was high as a kite all the time. I always wondered why his mouth moved in at the sides but now I know. The walk is a bit of a give away as well.
swantantra: Even assuming the neutrinos results are real, it still has little value. Does not make time travel possible, all physical items would still not exceed light speed. We would still need phenomenal leaps in our propulsion systems and materials. Light travels at 671 million miles and hour..we have managed to get to about 38,000 mph with voyager. approx 1/2000th of required speed. also the square law affects fuel requirements. to accelerate 1 ton to 1/10th the speed of light would require 125 billion kWh of energy. Can you imagine the size of vessel required to get to Kepler at light speed provisions for 600 years, with a viable productive crew size...oh thats only one way and no provisions for a colony or return... To make to leap to another world is going to require very very small steps.
Yes I do recall you saying something on the lines that you are a slave. But I'm not too sure what you are a slave to. Now that you mention that you're a slave to the scientific method it all fits into place.
Remember, you are also a slave to the capitalist system. Unlike myself who is a completely free man.
So Joe cool was a scruffy twat who probably smelled...just like his girlfriend?
and "People used to take the piss out of him..."
So where did 'Joe Cool' come from? Or was stinking, having a manky girlfriend and getting the piss taken out of you considered cool in your neck of the woods?
Was Joe Cool his actual name then, is that what you're saying?
His name was Joe 'Something or Other' but people nicknamed him Joe Cool. He was from East London and he did study physics: he is not made up. I don't need to make things up as I met that many people. There is bound to be some people that doesn't fit your thesis like the water skiing guinea pig.
I'll tell you something Divine...from what you're saying, if I'd been at university I'd have been the fuckin Ice-man, if that twat got to be 'Joe Cool'.
Tell you what Divine, you can call me 'Ice-Man' from now on...or just 'Ice' if you like.
i have no idea either kenny. just plain weird.
Anyways...I'm off...going to a wedding...aaargghhhh!!!!
not too fond of weddings...and I'm bound to get so bored I get pissed later-free bar...so it's rumoured...so that's my Sunday morning lost in a fug of chemical imbalances...I almost wish it was Monday morning.
Take it easy D
Yo Ice Man Give us a Ice Pop
Jankaas , we agree again...
C. Baker, more than one person went mad delving into mathematical infinities,beware. If we came from a singularity (finite) then all things aside from linear time must by the thermodynamic laws be finite.
Before you go do you think you could pass us the ice pop through the screen?
A few anomalies in there,1) no particle has ever been observed in two separate and discrete locations at the same time
2) the Higgs particle, yet again Cern is promising it "next week" if it is proved not to exist then much of the maths will be proved wrong.. So far 80% plus of the hunt to prove it, have come up negative..CERN on edge. 50 years and still no evidence other than on paper. The LHC is not producing the expected results and returns,.
Jankass,
If you think the work of Popper and Lakatos is "humanities", then you are obviously no scientist. Maybe you're a technician of some sort...if that.
@Ian
"1) no particle has ever been observed in two separate and discrete locations at the same time"
i am not an expert on physics, merely an enthusiast. most of it goes way over my head, but, based on Young's double slit experiment, quantum physics does conclude that a photon can be in 2 places at the same time.
i read this in a lovely book aimed at hobbyists like me called "We need to talk about Kelvin" by Marcus Chown. a great Xmas present imho.
ttfn