The empty name of God
'The basic doctrines of the major religions have their roots in the superstitions and fancies of ill
By A C Grayling Published 09 April 2009What religious people mean by “god” means nothing to me beyond an incoherent cluster of concepts from which the aforesaid folk choose the subset most convenient to themselves.
But the word brings to mind the man-made phenomenon of religions, whose net effect on humanity now as throughout history has been, by a considerable margin, negative. It would be so just because of the falsity of belief; and the consequent absurdity of behaviour premised on the idea that there exist supernatural agencies who made this very imperfect world, and who have an interest in us that extends to our sex lives and what we should and should not eat on certain days, or wear, and so on. But it is worse than false: it is far too often oppressive and distorting as regards human nature, and divisive as regards human communities.
It is a frequent source of conflict and cruelty. Monstrous crimes have been committed in its name. And more often than not it has stood in the way of efforts at human liberation and progress.
Apologists for religion point to the Sistine Chapel and Bach’s Mass in B minor as some sort of justification for it. I answer: first, the church had the money to commission these things; second, lots of wonderful art is about naked women and bowls of fruit, and required no belief in deities to prompt its production; and third, the existence of religious art does not excuse burning people alive at the stake for disagreeing with some doctrine or other.
Apologists for religion point to charitable works as some sort of justification for it. I answer: non-believers perform these, too, out of simple fellow feeling, not requiring the idea of pleasing a deity or getting into heaven to prompt them to it.
Apologists point to Stalinism and Nazism as murderous ideologies, as if their existence made Torquemada and the Taliban somehow acceptable. I answer: all monolithic ideologies, claiming to possess the One Great Truth and demanding that everyone to submit to it on pain of penalty, with their prophets and pieties and shibboleths and sacred cows, come to the same thing when allowed to go to their all too natural extremes – which is precisely my objection to religion. This does not stop me having the same objection to Stalinism and Nazism, which I very much do.
The basic doctrines of the major religions have their roots in the superstitions and fancies of illiterate peasants living several thousand years ago. It is astonishing that these superstitions, in the partial guise of sophistical successor versions, retain any credibility. The reason they do is proselytisation of the very young, the institutionalisation of religious sects, and certain psychological factors.
I would wish people to live without superstition, to govern their lives with reason, and to conduct their relationships on reflective principles about what we owe one another as fellow voyagers through the human predicament – with kindness and generosity wherever possible, and justice always. None of this requires religion or the empty name of “god”. Indeed, once this detritus of our ignorant past has been cleared away, we might see more clearly the nature of good, and pursue it aright at last.
A C Grayling is professor of philosophy at Birkbeck College, University of London
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27 comments
God is a pure absurdity, invented by hypocrytes to dominate stupid ignorants (and they want to remain it...)
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Islam is the best example :
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with this delirium, accepted and then loved by the members of a new sect, a pure clever ignorant invented a "religion of peace" that invaded and killed populations from Spain to China...
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with this delirium, accepted and then loved BUT "negociated" to serve the hunger for power, the members of new "sub-sects" have killed each other (87% of the muslims have been assinated by... other very very tolerant muslims...)
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with this delirium, accepted and installed "in the law" a man of 80 does NOT understand that his new bride, a girl 10 years old, goes to the courts to beg crying for divorce... "she must be fucked as I desire!!! as Aicha was by the prophet"
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with this delirium, accepted by millions that see "runing around a stone in the Kaaba" as a high cause to survive in paradise, the Arabs became "anti-science", and antiprogress, learned perfectly to lie and to despise "the all humanity that is NOT as us, muslims"
In my humble opinion, islam is the worst catastroph that came into "arabic comunities".
In my humble opinion, today in 2010, to be born as christian/scientologist/muslim etc is a pure disaster for the brain...
Oh I forgot to say : I WAS muslim....
Fear of death and the unknown, thats what I reckon the reason is for the evolution of religion.
We all fear death, and we all hope that there's something beyond our current existence and that we wont just end up worm food.
Its important to remember though that the major religious books have all been heavily altered according to interpretation, taste and personal motives by countless nameless scribes over the centuries. Hence we have a world where women are considered 'lesser', wars are fought over differences of religious opinion, and indeed fought 'in the name of god'.
As science advances and is increasingly able to help us understand the world in empirical terms, then perhaps the increase in aetheism is a response to this, since we no longer need to think of the world in supernatural terms in order to understand it.
Of course, science offers cold comfort with regard to death, but perhaps wider acceptance of death and that we are all worm food in the end is a sign that humanity is beginning to grow up a bit. We still have a long way to go though.
Prof. Grayling, the illiterate peasants living several thousand years ago received revelations. How can such illiterate peasants conceive such "Holy Books" who contents are being studied, scrutinised, debated and producing phDs from so many universities? Is there any man-made literature and manual post-the "Holy Books" era have so much impact on human beings?
Prof Graying: I agree with you all the way. Those
claiming to talk to God were illiterate and lived
thousands of years ago. How come He does not
communicate in this world and age when modern
technology and knowledge of the world is more
understood? Because, if anybody claimed to
communicate with God now, we will call him mad and
a sick man. We should love each other and respect
those who think differently. Treatment of women must
improve. that is the way to look forward.
If religion is invented by humans which it is then the logical question to ask yourself is "why did humans invent it?". Atheists claim that the theory of evolution somehow negates religion. If things came into existence through evolution then so did religion... hence atheists must ask themselves: "if religion is a product of evolution then what biological function does religion serve in society?". The fact that religion employs fantasy and superstition is not a reason to dismiss it. It is possible that fantasy and superstition that exist within the bounds of reason are things which serve some sort of beneficial biological function in peoples lives. When I speak of fantasy and superstition existing within the bounds of reason I am not suggesting that fantasies and superstition are entities which are entirely composed of reason-styled thought.
If God indeed exists, s/he doesn't really care whether or not you or I believe. If God does not exist, there is no one other than other human beings to care whether or not you or I believe. It seems that the existence of a supreme being is like "beauty" -- it is in the eye of the beholder. And, of course, it gives folks something to fight about.
Aaah Yes, once religion is fully out of the way we will be in the broad sunny uplands of reason and being good for er well.... the sake of goodness. Articles like this always remind me of John Gray's observation that atheism is a late Christian cult, based on the supremely Christian (and Marxist) idea that by changing people’s beliefs, you change their behaviour.
nawaimohamad
I dread to tell you this but the 'illiterate peasants living several thousand years ago' got it wrong!
The Modern Scientific Theory of Evolution can prove/show that the the basis on which the bible is based is wrong. The ancients got it wrong!
Now it has been scientifically proved to be wrong we can give up on religious wars, subjugation of women and compromised education and enjoy life free from superstition and hate.
When I say that the Modern Scientific Theory of Evolution can prove the bible to be wrong that is exactly what I mean. There are no 'but's, if's or may be's'.
Any competent science teacher could put you right in 15 minutes. 'Harry Potter' wouldn't stand a chance and the same goes for the bible!
Why we are still having this debate today is quite beyond me.
All rational educated people when shown the evidence must agree Darwin got it right. Haven't room here but if you want to know the cause of the fuss try
YouTube Darwin V Adam & Eve
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbucnNX5t2g
Congratulations AC Grayling! Good article
For Nawawimohamad: Archaeology has shown comprehensively that there was no exodus from Egypt by the Israelites, why are these infallible revelations so insistent that there was an exodus? When a holy book makes a statement pertaining to be a fact, and that supposed fact turns out to be wrong on three counts, 1) No Exodus 2) Cities in Canaan show no signs of being conquered and sacked at time of supposed Exodus 3) Monotheism did not become established among the Israelites until the Babylonian exile, then this holy book looks very much like the work of illiterate peasants. The question then is not one of how can these books have so much influence if they are written by illiterate peasants, the question is how far must we bend over backwards to avoid acknowledging the facts simply so that we can write PhD's about them? That people in this day with all the evidence we have still write PhD's about these books does not prove that they are true, nor are they proven by the influence that they have, no, all that is proven by this is that people will not consider evidence which does not support what they believe. In fact, Michael Shermer has demonstrated that this is exactly what people do, they only look evidence which supports their existing points of view. Faith exploits this unfortunate human attribute.
Good article Professor Grayling.
what religion are we basically talking here? We cannot just cluster each religious standpoint as one big pie-in-the-sky-when-you-die without differentiating every bit of it. ^)_^ If religion is simply a set of beliefs, then isn't it so that even 'science' is a 'religion'? Not because we moderns coin science as the main 'blah-blah-blah' (and add to it its scientific name) of today doesn't mean that the moderns today will not be past, illiterate, folks of tomorrow? Hmmmmm....
It seems that we're not really arguing for rational end here, but we want to put our own 'beliefs' on the throne.... and whoever wins... hmmmmm...
will still be the evolving ape-man of tomorrow...
if we're angry of such superstitious beliefs, then why not argue with the reality of tooth fairies and santa clause?
The truth is, we're angry because we don't want GOD to sit on the throne...