Noam Chomsky on 1968

Nineteen sixty-eight was one exciting moment in a much larger movement. It spawned a whole range of movements. There wouldn't have been an international global solidarity movement, for instance, without the events of 1968. It was enormous, in terms of human rights, ethnic rights, a concern for the environment, too.

The Pentagon Papers (the 7,000-page, top-secret US government report into the Vietnam War) are proof of this: right after the Tet Offensive, the business world turned against the war, because they thought it was too costly, even though there were proposals within the government - and we know this now - to send in more American troops. Then LBJ announced he wouldn't be sending any more troops to Vietnam.

The Pentagon Papers tell us that, because of the fear of growing unrest in the cities, the government had to end the war - it wasn't sure that it was going to have enough troops to send to Vietnam and enough troops on the domestic front to quell the riots.

One of the most interesting reactions to come out of 1968 was in the first publication of the Trilateral Commission, which believed there was a "crisis of democracy" from too much participation of the masses. In the late 1960s, the masses were supposed to be passive, not entering into the public arena and having their voices heard. When they did, it was called an "excess of democracy" and people feared it put too much pressure on the system. The only group that never expressed its opinions too much was the corporate group, because that was the group whose involvement in politics was acceptable.

The commission called for more moderation in democracy and a return to passivity. It said the "institutions of indoctrination" - schools, churches - were not doing their job, and these had to be harsher.

The more reactionary standard was much harsher in its reaction to the events of 1968, in that it tried to repress democracy, which has succeeded to an extent - but not really, because these social and activist movements have now grown. For example, it was unimaginable in 1968 that there would be an international Solidarity group in 1980.

But democracy is even stronger now than it was in 1968. You have to remember that, during Vietnam, there was no opposition at the beginning of the war. It did develop, but only six years after John F Kennedy attacked South Vietnam and troop casualties were mounting. However, with the Iraq War, opposition was there from the very beginning, before an attack was even initiated. The Iraq War was the first conflict in western history in which an imperialist war was massively protested against before it had even been launched.

There are other differences, too. In 1968, it was way out in the margins of society to even discuss the possibility of withdrawal from Vietnam. Now, every presidential candidate mentions withdrawal from Iraq as a real policy choice.

There is also far greater opposition to oppression now than there was before. For example, the US used routinely to support or initiate military coups in Latin America. But the last time the US supported a military coup was in 2002 in Venezuela, and even then they had to back off very quickly because there was public opposition. They just can't do the kinds of things they used to.

So, I think the impact of 1968 was long-lasting and, overall, positive.

117 comments

chichomalanga's picture

Typical liberal revisionism. In fact 1968 led to millions murdered in Cambodia, Vietnam, Ethiopia and Central America as a new anti-American elite attacked every American institution and the US retreated from promoting democracy abroad.
We also now face an energy crisis because we have not built a new nuclear power plant or oil refinery since then. Our elites refuse to buy American made products while they cry crocodile tears for the American worker. Thanks to 1968, which shifted control of the Democratic party from America's workers to anti-American snobs like Chomsky!
When Obama said Tuesday after winning North Carolina that he is not afraid to talk to the enemy, like "Roosevelt, Truman and Kennedy did", no one dares correct him, and ask which enemy did Roosevelt and Truman speak with? Answer: none. More liberal nonsense. As to Kennedy, historians unanimously describe Kennedy's 1961 meeting with Kruschev in Vienna as a foreign policy disaster. No wonder Obama is the liberals dandy!

Prospector's picture

JFK attacked South Viet Nam? Chomsky simply makes stuff up with the hope of appealing to his own "useful idiots" who care not for facts. The U.S. along with UN partners were allied with the Republic of South Viet Nam to repel communist invasion.

Prospector's picture

Lowry has a far more lucid remembrance of 1968.

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/05/the_taint_of_68.html

This nation can only heal from the violent tantrums of 1968 after the last baby boomer dies off. The "wasted generation" of late 1960's took credit for the hard work of the "greatest generation" and continue to play-act at being relevant to history.

panacea's picture

If we had more functional democracy as opposed to fantasied democracy, people like Chomsky would have been influential in the political arena. Unfortunately, Mr. Chomsky's opinions and analyses are only supported by the regular folks without any power.

To all those seemingly pro-Western/pro-American, anti-everything else folks commenting here: If you are truly democratic, civilized, and more advanced why are you afraid of and resentful against people who are different than you? You should have put your fears and inner conflicts aside, you should have conquered them, you are better, aren't you? What is the problem here?

What article of the Constitution is keeping you from being an empathic human being?

jeffpwest's picture

background: 57 year old microelectronics engineer from oklahoma... i think the internet is already a force for equalizing the institutionalized advantages of the status quo. i really don't think obama would have had a chance w/o it. without it you get trickle down economics and everyone seemingly content with that inequitable idea. with it you get trickle up pain. but a lot of what we're experiencing right now, i think, is the pendulum swinging left after moving a bit too far right. for example, according to an economist (british news magazine) poll, america's left is to the right of britain's left. we'll swing the other way, but there are huge forces to keep things from moving too far in either direction, especially too far left in the u.s. we all know where the money is.

jeffpwest's picture

background: 57 year old microelectronics engineer from oklahoma... i think the internet is already a force for equalizing the institutionalized advantages of the status quo. i really don't think obama would have had a chance w/o it. without it you get trickle down economics and everyone seemingly content with that inequitable idea. with it you get trickle up pain. but a lot of what we're experiencing right now, i think, is the pendulum swinging left after moving a bit too far right. for example, according to an economist (british news magazine) poll, america's left is to the right of britain's left. we'll swing the other way, but there are huge forces to keep things from moving too far in either direction, especially too far left in the u.s. we all know where the money is. the other interesting change since i was young is the reduction in the top marginal income tax rate. when i was young it was a middle class country by design of the tax code; the top marginal rate was 90% -- you only kept 10 cents on the dollar if you won a big contract or the lottery. now it's what, 30%. that makes it much easier to accumulate wealth and power. bill gates could build a big army and take over countries if he chose. lucky for the world he'd rather deal with disease in africa. jw

davidbeyer's picture

Derek,

I consider myself to be a moderate, fairly knowledgeable, and relatively politically aware citizen, but I have been unable to determine exactly how the 2000 election was stolen. Could you please explain to me what people are taking about when they say it was stolen.

As a Florida resident, I have done a lot of research on this issue and as I understand things several independant agencies, including the New York Times, completed an unofficial recount of the Florida votes and the results showed that Bush won Florida. The margin of his win was small, but it was a win nonetheless. The simple fact that the end result appears to be accurate seems to belay the idea that the 2000 election was stolen.

It is further my understanding that pursuant to Federal Constitutional Law the Governor of each State ratifies the elections results of that State to the Federal government. Accordingly, if there had been a dispute as to the validity of the election results, as between the original count and the recount, Governor Bush would have held the responsibility of designating which results would stand as the official results. It seems highly unlikely that President Bush's brother, when faced with competing results, would have ratified the results unfavorable to his brother. This is especially so were the results favorable to his brother were ultimately determined to be correct, thereby indicating that they were not so dramatically errant as to make it inherently incredible for the Governor to ratify these results.

It is further my understanding that Al Gore short circuited this process by bringing the matter before the Florida Court system and making it an issue for the judiciary. He did, after all, file the first suit in this case. Effectively, this move did two things. First, it absolved Governor Bush of any political fall-out from a decision to ratify the original results in the face of competing results, because he was never put in the position of needing to make that choice.

Second, it placed at issue the Florida voting system and interrelationship with the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution, because each Florida county had a different standard for how it was counting the votes. The overwhelming majority of the recounted votes were in areas that favored Al Gore, i.e., Palm Beach County. Those areas were allowing partially punched ballots, "hanging chads," and dimpled ballots to be counted. Areas where Bush was strongest were not being recounted and were not providing votes to the types of improperly executed ballots that were going to be counted in areas like Palm Beach County. In its landmark decision, the Supreme Court merely ruled that one State may not count the ballots of some of its citizens in a manner that permits for greater participation while simultaneously failing to count the similarly executed ballots of other citizens.

This seems entirely fair to me. At a minimum, I cannot see how the election was stolen. If you possess contrary information or additional facts for my consideration, I welcome your comments. However, given my understanding of the whole debacle it was not a stolen election.

jeffpwest's picture

"prospector" makes a good point. we weren't the only folks trying to keep south vietnam (and south korea) from going communist. i know the aussies were there. don't know what other countries contributed. but with hindsight, i'm not so sure too many people are proud of that sacrifice and the million dead vietnamese in contrast to the sacrifice our ancestors made in europe and asia in WWII to stop fascism in europe and asia. pity we can't be more pro democracy and less anti socialist/communist. live and let live. jw

sduncan's picture

Yes Mr. Chomsky you should all be very proud of yourselves. Let's review your accompishments
-The defeat of Hubert Humphrey. A staunch supporter of social justice and one of the strongest advocates of civil rights in Washington.
-The election of Richard M. Nixon. Not much needs to be said about that.
-Prolonging the Vietnam war by five years. See above.
-Alienating the working class from the Democratic Party shattering the New Deal coalition and paving the way for Reagan and Bush.
-And let's not forget the most important: Making it chic to love thugs and monsters like Mao, Arafat, Guevera, and Chavez. They're not murderers and crooks-- even though they do everything a Nixon or a Bush does to their own people and much worse-- no no as long as they're in other countries they're freedom fighters.

vrob's picture

davidbeyer, you cite talking points, legal arguments and newspapers surveys, but ignore the underlying reality: as a result of the Palm Beach butterfly ballot 60,000 elderly Jewish voters voted for Buchanan. There may not be proof that this was done deliberately by Republican operatives though I vaguely recall serious questions raised to this effect. There are other questions about minorites waiting hours in line etc. Regardless, the basic fact of Florida 2000 is this: more voters went to the polls that day intending to vote for Gore than Bush. You don't seriously contest this point do you?

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