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Why nobody wants to admit they're part of the 1 per cent

A culture of secrecy over executive pay is holding back attempts to tackle inequality.

Last week another public figure, the Archbishop of York, Dr John Sentamu, had his two penn'orth on top executive pay, decrying the excesses of the financial sector as unfair and bad for society. But for all the air time given to the issue of levels of pay, discussing how much we are paid remains a social taboo - a subject best avoided in polite circles.

It raises the question - how do we address the thorny issues of high levels of pay amongst elite groups in society and income inequality, if we do not know how high earners themselves think about their pay and its effect on society? Changing behaviour is always tough, but in this case will be particularly difficult without a better understanding of how high earners see the world and their place in it.

To shed more light on this, the High Pay Commission, an independent inquiry into top pay in the private sector, commissioned Ipsos MORI to talk to a group of top earners - people in the top 1 per cent of the UK's income distribution.

The research shows that the taboo around discussing your pay inhibits rational debate on the subject and distorts the way top earners see their salaries.

First, hardly anyone who took part in the study considered themselves to be rich. High earners feel closer to the "squeezed middle" than the "super rich". They considered that their costs of living were too high for them to be more than "comfortably off". For them, "rich" means Bill Gates rich - having too much to be realistically able to spend.

Transparency around pay is not a cultural norm in the UK. There is a culture of secrecy over pay for many high earners. Some have little basis for comparison, aside from occasional conversations with headhunters. And the more senior they get, the more difficult it is to discuss pay.

They are not immune to the current media commentary on pay and discussions of bankers' bonuses. Compared to a similar sample of high earners in 2008, these high earners are more thoughtful about the way society values them and less likely to claim that they deserve their pay purely through their own hard work and skills.

So, satisfaction with pay is based on a sense of entitlement - if that is what the industry pays, that is what I should be getting. They do not justify their high pay by claiming that they work harder than everyone else or have more specialist skills. Some told us that they bring value to their companies which exceed their salary cost. But at the same time, they acknowledge that an individual's contribution to corporate success is hard to quantify and so pay does not always reflect individual performance.

Instead, the people who are paid most are those who are best at pay negotiations and "selling" themselves effectively.

Overall, they recognise that there is income inequality and they are to a great extent fortunate to earn what they do. They feel some industries simply pay high and there is a hefty dose of luck involved.

Here lies the tricky issue. High earners believe high pay is an institutional, global and systemic phenomenon. They also mention a number of social benefits coming from having high earners in our midst - for example, they believe in the trickle-down effect of high salaries to the rest of society.

There may be potential to communicate with high earners about changing the way society values different incomes, but they do not have faith that any local interventions around equalising pay would work.

Those in the City felt that asking the City in particular to behave differently is unlikely to work - as it only answers to its own rules.

So where does this leave public policy on the issue?

In a world where high earners do not talk about their pay and underestimate how close to the top they are, something is needed to get high earners out of their "bubble" - to take high pay out of the shadows and make it clear how different the top 1 per cent are from the other 99 per cent.

Ministers have urged companies to publish salaries voluntarily. It seems unlikely that many companies will accept the invitation. But however it is achieved, greater transparency about salaries might help high earners themselves understand the challenges of income inequality - and get on board with an agenda to reduce it.

Sarah Castell is Head of Qualitative Methods at Ipsos MORI

31 comments

Luddite's picture

Chir0n: "@Luddite: China, the Soviet Union and Cuba (and the rest) are not the inevitable outcomes of Communism or Marxism, but the inevitable outcomes of corruption and the greed of a powerful minority, which is much the same problem we're having here in the capitalist west".

But the fundamental difference is Liberal capitalism does possess the ability to change into something more socially acceptable, plus Liberal capitalism also has the electorate to take into account?

Luddite's picture

1%: Buffoon... you buffoon... Who the f**k's Clare? One of your imaginary friends? does dolly know.... YES!! you already said, I'm going to get band from this site.. I can always go to the Spectator magazine you always get a more sophisticated and well educated political debate..

I can see beyond my own nose's picture

The more money you are paid + the more senior a role you are given= the less people there are around you who understand you, and more people who are jealous as they think they for whatever reason deserve what you have more, and because they don't know what you're doing they assume you are doing nothing

tl:dr
haters gonna hate

Lox's picture

David, can you be a bit clearer about what you mean? "...the 3 guys employed to make that $100k watch in Switzerland or the 5 guys at the Ferrari plant mean jack compared to that same coin spent at the working class level... where $100k will buy 5 cars and employ 20 people."

But the three guys in Switzerland are probably in well paid jobs, as are the guys in the Ferrari plant: why do you have a problem with that? Do you think-seriously-that no one should be allowed to make, or to buy, a $100k watch? Or that somehow that $100k should be allocated (by who?) to people who'll buy cheaper watches or cars?

Tim's picture

If trickle down economics works why is the income equality gap getting worse?
Surely the issue here is not capitalism or Marxism but but a sense of morality and justice. It is plainly unjust that one person earns 42 times that of someone else for what seem to be (at best) uncertain reasons. Capitalism is useful form of redistribution but given the weakness in human nature needs help. Public debate, transparency, and shared decision making should be the norm - commercial sensitivity the exception

Al4's picture

@Luddite

Don't be fooled, capitalism's had plenty of its own 'killing fields'

Mrs.Josephine Hyde-Hartley's picture

So where does this leave public policy on the issue?
What issue? There is no issue as as far as I can see.. Executive types merely enjoy and exploit the same rights to privacy any ordinary member of the public may expect.

How do we unbundle that, one wonders. There is one way, I suppose.. but it's just too awful to mention..

Fergus Pickering's picture

How much did you earn last year, Sarah Castell? Show us your tax return or you're just another hypocrite.

swatantra's picture

I can categorically say I am NOT one of the 1%.
When are the Tories ever going to learn that voluntary schemes never work; what we need is more regulation in the financial sector, and to get tough on tax dodgers.
Dave promised clear and transparent govt, just like Labour promised an ethical foriegn policy; and we're still waiting.

Mr. Divine's picture

I'm one of the 100%

Luddite's picture

We all fully understand the failings of liberal capitalism, but when you look across the killing fields of Marxism at the alternative.. One shudders, and say 'well it could be an awfully lot worse'.

Future Physicist's picture

Luddite, Communism and Marxism rose because one family dynasty controlled all the money ... even large members of the army couldn't justify defending their property rights. I mean to some killing fields are better than fixing famines.

Future Physicist's picture

I wouldn't call that "liberal" capitalism, but family old money and corporate monopolies are the new "old money" are the alternative to truly liberal capitalism AND Marxism/Communism.

Luddite's picture

Future Physicist: Sorry but i don't understand what you are saying? ''old money... corp-monopolies!!!

Nodbod's picture

It very often seems to be agents, friends, hangers-on and head-hunters. How many senior posts are filled by "highly talented", must have people? However when the question is asked about what they have actually done, no-one is really sure but they do know that they are highly talented! Very often they are pushed by head-hunters (agents in the sportsworld) and it is an enormously lucrative merru go round.
Whatever the reasons - for the most part they are not particularly talented, they merely have an over-weening arrogance and sense of entitlement coming from, I can only imagine, background and education.

Nodbod's picture

And they ain't ever gonna give it up willingly.

Ciaran's picture

In Norway you can look up anyone's annual income and tax on a government website. Lots of social pressure against disproportionately high salaries, yet they have a highly entrepreneurial society and plenty of wealthy people who aren't shifting their money abroad and dodging taxes.

Chir0n's picture

@Luddite: China, the Soviet Union and Cuba (and the rest) are not the inevitable outcomes of Communism or Marxism, but the inevitable outcomes of corruption and the greed of a powerful minority, which is much the same problem we're having here in the capitalist west.

As far as high earners being coy about their pay, doesn't that show that they're fully aware and ashamed (although obviously not enough) about what this kind of inequality does to society.

And those high earners who, when asked, spun a yarn about being part of the squeezed middle, they are lying to us and to themselves.

David's picture

"Trickle down' is one of the biggest lies they elite spread. How does a rich man buying a $100k Swiss watch, or a $150k foreign car help the working class?

It is the common people who buy the vast majority of non-durable goods that fuel the economy... not high priced luxury items manufactured in a foreign country, or lavish holidays to the Bahamas.

What a crock... you'd have to be oblivious to no see through this lie.

Hugh Markey's picture

Remember the Kennedy slogan. "A rising tide lifts all boats."
Luxury yacht or dingy. Surprised the Tories haven't stolen this political aphorism.
The Edwardian elite always dressed down in public. We blame the change on 'society columnists' and the Bright Young Things of the Twenties.
Look where all this publicity got us - the Great Depression.

Old Git

Eddy S's picture

The top 1% have to earn 150k, ed miliband and barrister wife earn at least double that.

But whats the significance of this? Not much, the real rich are probably the top 0.1% Thats 60k people enough to fill the eithaad stadium on a saturday, not many people, i dont think these lot work as estate agents, lawyers or banking, these lot are probably international business people

Dagfinn Blaster's picture

"How much did you earn last year, Sarah Castell? Show us your tax return or you're just another hypocrite."
No reply = affirmative to hypocrisy.
Don't bother reading her crap in future.

jusayin

Lox's picture

David, if someone buys a $100k watch it helps pay the wages of the people in the jewellers' where he/she bought it, as well as the wages of everyone in the factory where it was made. It's not that difficult to grasp, or perhaps you think the shop assistant and the watchmaker are toffs too?

matthew fox's picture

@David

Voodoo Economics or supply-side economics, are for the feeble minded, who believe in rainbows, unicorns or fairies.

If the tide rises, and you haven't got a boat, only means one thing, drowning.

Luddite is an expert in the economics, in the same way Freddie Starr is a expert of computer engineering.

Luddite's picture

1% "feeble minded, who believe in rainbows, unicorns or fairies" You can't possably be talking about the Labour party?

Luddite's picture

Chir0n: As with all religion, the worst advertisement for Socialism is its adherents.

Dagfinn Blaster's picture

Lox said
"David, if someone buys a $100k watch it helps pay the wages of the people in the jewellers' where he/she bought it, as well as the wages of everyone in the factory where it was made. It's not that difficult to grasp, or perhaps you think the shop assistant and the watchmaker are toffs too?"

OR, if you merely want to know what time it is, then get a $1 Quartz Watch from the gas station.
(Better timekeeper too.)

HOWEVER, it's short on Conspicuous Consumption Credentials.

THORSTEIN VEBLEN in "Theory of the Leisure Class", 1899, a classic of American Literature, dealt with this issue. Nothing more need be said on it.

AMERICANS!!! your own countryman realized the definitive answer to this issue over 100 years ago.

How can you ignore one of your greatest thinkers who is SO respected by the whole world?

David's picture

@Lox
Hey, sorry to rain on your Randian parade, but the 3 guys employed to make that $100k watch in Switzerland or the 5 guys at the Ferrari plant mean jack compared to that same coin spent at the working class level... where $100k will buy 5 cars and employ 20 people.

Maybe you need to further your primary education to grasp such a simple concept... dunno.

matthew fox's picture

Possably, is that like Bafoon Luddite?

You and sweary Clare have so much in common.

Eddy S's picture

Personally i would like to see greater incentives for Philanthropy, I would like to see new charities set up, helping all of society rather than further taxes, this has the power to transform society, this could bring society together in a way that the state could never achieve.

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