98 of FTSE 100 companies use tax havens
New research by ActionAid uncovers 8,492 overseas subsidiary companies.
By Alice Gribbin Published 11 October 2011 10:00
Every single company on the London Stock Exchange, bar two, uses round-the-world tax havens, often costing developing countries far more than they receive annually in aid, a report by ActionAid has revealed.
Ninety-eight per cent of the country's biggest businesses are afforded widespread financial secrecy and tax levies by holding jurisdictions in 8,492 companies outside of the UK. This makes up a quarter of the FTSE 100's total 34,000 subsidiaries.
The four big banks (Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds and RBS) alone have 1,649 firms located in tax havens.
ActionAid's research is based on previously undisclosed data. FTSE companies are required by law to disclosed information on their subsidiary businesses, however, ActionAid's analysis found that over half "were not complying with this legal obligation". The child sponsorship chairty submitted complaints to Companies House, thereby forcing Stock Exchange businesses to re-file their annual returns.
A graphic map of the FTSE 100 tax havens can be found on the ActionAid website, here.
Latest tweets
More from New Statesman
- Tools and services:
- Polls
- Predictions
- Jobs
- Archive
- Magazine
- PDF edition
- RSS feeds
- Subscribe
- Special supplements
- Stockists

















22 comments
Jonathon - nobody is a fool more than you it appears.
Most of the Tax Havens are British - set up so that big business could avoid paying its just taxes and crazy Gilbertian laws were made at the behest of lobbyists to facilitate them to favour the rich. Putting the shares in to one's Monaco based wife as the Top Shop's Phillip Green has done is a clear case of tax evasion. A brass plate on a sterile Cayman Island's building representing the headquarters of a business which operates wholly within the UK market makes a mockery of the morals of corporate activity. The tax laws should be amended to avoid such loop-holes. Profits on any economic activity deriving from the British market should pay their full whack of taxes to the UK Treasury no matter where the Headquarters of the company or the shareholders are registered be they genuinely foreign or not. If the UK market is profitable for them they will engage in trade here. Their target is the UK market. Ireland's lower corporate tax rate is successful because of its attractions to foreign companies who wish to avail of its membership of the Eurozone market and not for the Ireland's small domestic market. Exporting to countries in the same currency area offers enormous advantages in accounting, estimating of profits, the lack of need for forward exchange contracts for sales and repatriation of profits and leads to higher corporate profits. Ireland's highly sophisticated infrastructure and its high-tech educated work force make it a much more competitive base then UK for Eurozone exports. Indeed the 64% of UK'S exports which go to the Eurozone would similarly benefit profit wise if they were Ireland based. With the revamping of the tax laws should come the nationalisation of the banks. The Government does not even to have to go to this extent: all it has to do is to upgrade the Post Office computers - give interest on deposit accounts financed from interest on loans and overdrafts to industry and small businesses as the banks did in days of yore when we had financial stability.The banks would have their comeuppance in one fell swoop.
@ Indu Pedant
High VAT? Are you taking the pxxx? All that does is increase prices for the already beleagured consumer.
So you shif funds to the US -lower tax rates there is it? So how come they have an unemployment rate greater than ours? Kinda blows holes in your 'argument'?
That is an amazingly succinct solution posed by Marcus Bessner which I applaud. I have proposed something similar to the Lib Dems but it fell on deaf ears. There are signs of a shift in the thinking of the populace at large - there are revolutionary feelings in the air - of which the riots are symptomatic.We need to get rid of the present government and its opposition and start afresh. The Tax Havens and the wars are robbing us of the funds needed to revive the economy.
Surely the fact that pretty much every major company in the UK uses tax havens destroys the arguments of the likes of UK Uncut that tax havens are the sole preserve of nasty bankers and speculators.
It would seem, in contrast, that tax havens are just a normal part of running increasingly complex and globalised companies trading across tens of different countries all with their own tax codes.
I think that is disingenuous Nick. What they (appear) to be doing is setting up (fake) operations and avoiding tax illegally.
Nick - that's one way to look at it, for sure.
A Radio 4 documentary looked at the practice of 'locating' a company's Treasury Division in Ireland. The Treasury Division naturally makes a huge profit on which it pays corporation tax at the Irish rate (12.5%).
The Treasury Division has no employees in Ireland and the only thing there is an accommodation address. The whole thing is a fiction but they get away with it.
They may be some substance in the argument, but not much. A listing on the FTSE (which, coincidentally, brings with it economic activity to the UK) means nothing more than that. UK listed companies owning companies outside of the UK; shocker. Well, of course. Why would they not do so when they have no connection with the UK, other than the listing itself ? Mining companies, e.g., Kazakhmys, have no connection, presence or business conducted in or with the UK except that the compay's shares are listed and traded on the London Stock Exchange.
@Andrew:
Certainly true in some cases, but the bulk of the 34,216 companies, and the vast majority of the tax haven companies, are owned by companies of British origin, such as WPP, Barclays or BP.
Interesting that you pick the example of Khazakhmys. As a UK-registered company its group tax liability is in the UK, so use of tax havens is of concern to us. Better to pick Glencore or WPP, listed on the LSE but incorporated offshore.
Quick question - Do shareholders benefit by the increased income generated from the lower tax payments by the company? Or does this saving go somewhere else?
And whats new?
We always knew this, the only problem is if we try and crack down on them,they will just up sticks and move somewhere else.
@Jonathan
The FTSE100 is comprised of the top 100 companies (based on their market capitalisation) at any given time – companies can move in & out of it, but obviously there are many more than 100 that register on the stock exchange.
"Quick question - Do shareholders benefit by the increased income generated from the lower tax payments by the company? Or does this saving go somewhere else?"
Most insurance companies (auto, fire, house contents, travel etc) have tax haven subsidiaries. Have a look at your insurance policy small print and you'll find a Caymans Island or Dutch Antilles mentioned.
This results in your travel insurance being cheaper than it would otherwise and the insurance company making higher profits.
Charlotte - I lurve even the asking of that question. We live in a community - in which we are all connected through wages, services, taxes and social benefits amongst else, go figure.
The fact that you are located in a tax haven doesn't mean taxes are being dodged. For example many investment funds are set up in tax havens, but investment gains from the funds are still taxable income for the holders. No tax has been avoided or evaded.
Similarly, many companies will issue debt in offshore vehicles for the same reason.
The UK has uncompetitive tax rates.
Something I have done is arrange the business to ship profits to the US subsidiary to avoid UK tax.
Labour's 'tax em until the pips squeek' approach to businesses has meant that millions of jobs have been migrated overseas to escape UK corporation tax.
We need
- high VAT (which is an import tariff that penalises imports. Exports are sold VAT free)
- low corporation tax around 18%-20%. At this level companies will start setting up in the UK to wash their profits here. The amount of profits which could be sent to the UK is potentially massive in the order of £250BN+ per year. The UK treasury would get the tax on these
- low employment taxes
Please check what Labour's policy is for each of the about - it is the exact opposite.
All your ideas are premised on an assumption that what we sell as a country is goods from a roughly standing start when it comes to low-value, and these only if they are compettitively cheap. Which seems of lttle chance re the developing world. You are essentially advocating racing developing nations to the bottom. I believe that we as a nation are well beyond that in our individual understandings of what constitutes society. So it's not going to succeed, merely lead to revolution. We need to instead devise a new approach, or build on strengths. Services and intellectual property can be exports too.
But hey, who nose?
ActionAid has a petition attached to the interactive map on this: http://www.actionaid.org.uk/103031/ftse_100_tax_haven_tracker.html#petition
Can i point out that there are more than 100 companies in the FTSE 100? Whoever wrote this is obviously a fool to begin with.
12.5% corporation tax rate really helped Ireland. I mean Osborne praised that economy and lectured Gordon Brown way back in 2006.
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/a...
Post new comment