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Why AV does not give some people “two votes”

What John Humphrys should have told David Cameron this morning.

John Humphrys tied himself in knots on the Today programme this morning attempting to rebut David Cameron's claim that AV gives some people two votes. The broadcaster said: "I have a second preference as well as you or anybody else and you count them again as well, so you don't count some people's votes more than others."

This allowed a gleeful Cameron to respond: "You are wrong. If you vote for the Labour candidate and I vote for the Monster Raving Loony candidate and the Monster Raving Loony comes last, my second preference is then counted again . . . It is quite worrying if actually the lead broadcaster on the BBC doesn't understand the system. You don't understand the system you are supposed to be explaining to the public. I do think that's worrying. Back to school."

What Humphrys was rather clumsily attempting to explain is that first preferences are also counted twice. The difference is that your vote goes to the same candidate in each round. For instance, in the 2002 French presidential election, if you voted for Lionel Jospin in the first round and Jacques Chirac in the second round (to keep Jean-Marie Le Pen out), you did not get more votes than someone who voted for Chirac in both rounds. A transferred vote is not the same as a multiple vote.

It's not a complicated argument, but it's one that the Yes campaign, to its cost, has struggled to make since the campaign began.

Tags: AV referendum  Electoral Reform

18 comments

Laurence's picture

There is an important way that *some* votes are counted more than once.

If I vote for BNP,EDL,UKIP,Tory (or Communist,SWP,Green,Labour), the Tory (or Labour) candidate will get my final vote but all 4 parties will claim my support. This arguably gives me 4x the influence than someone who voted for the winning candidate in his first preference. The claim that AV will end tactical voting is one of that campaign’s most absurd.

Alex Baldwin's picture

@Godsmacked

1. The first-preference votes are counted up.
2. The totals for each candidate are compared.
3. The lowest-ranked candidate is eliminated.
4. Those who voted for the least popular candidate have their second-preference votes distributed to each candidate.
5. The totals are compared again.

Now, if ALL of the votes weren't recounted (in theory, even if this isn't physically necessary in practise) in step 5 then the winner would be whoever got the most second-preference votes from the candidate eliminated in step 3. This is absurd and not how the proposed system would work. People who vote for the majority candidates don't "lose" their vote after the first round, it is still working in their interest until the winner is announced.

briank.11's picture

Put at its simplest, - with AV you end up with the least offensive as a winner - just about, anyway. A compromise, I would say. But, let us take someone who votes for a 'monster raving loony party'. This candidate will be last, more than likely, and his preference votes will be re-distributed. If this voter's first preference is for MRLP what are we to think of the value his other preference votes - and the same with all the other 'lunatic' fringe voters. With FPTP the lunatic fringe have no influence on the final outcome. Under AV their preference votes DO count towards the winner. I don't think I like that at all.

Anand's picture

Simple answer to all this buhakki would be to have requested weighting votes.

1st pref has 100% weighting
2nd pref has 80% weighting
3rd pref has 75% weighting
4th pref has 60% weighting
5th pref has 40% weighting
6th pref has 25% weighting

this way your voting preference and its weight in the 2nd, 3rd, nth rounds reflect each other.

is there such a system? to my state comp, graduate level educated middle class brain it seems awfully simple. I dont get how supposedly establishment public school educated media types dont understand very simple systems?

Mr Hammond's picture

Lets look at how the 'very simple system' of AV can workout in reality....
http://www.youtube.com/user/thehangbag#p/a/u/0/a1Fn-v23soQ

Mr Hammond's picture

Do we really think choosing a candidate is like choosing which chocolate bar, Ice Cream, or pub?

http://www.youtube.com/user/farbennion#p/u/2/5OwHIleXamA

matthew fox's picture

Humphreys should have asked make and model numbers for these voting machines.

Cameron couldn't supply that information because they don't exist.

Alex M's picture

@Briank.11 - 'I don't think I do like that at all'

Is that because people who vote monster raving loony should be viewed as less worthy of a vote that other 'sensible' people? Who is to judge who is worthy of a vote once we move away from universal sufferage? Has anyone who would even contemplate voting BNP or EDL by that very fact forfeited their right to record their views?

I'm sure people vote for fringe parties for all sorts of reasons - including because they wish to protest about the relevance of mainstream party politics. That is their right. If they think the whole thing is pointless then they presumably won't have a second preference once they've voted MRL. If they do have a second preference then it should be counted along with anyone elses.

The response to the concern that AV will mean more pandering to fringe parties in order to secure second preferences (which i've heard repeated at an event tonight by a No campaigner) is surely not to exclude people (or parties) but to understand concerns and to persuade people (one might even say educate) that their views are misguided.

Godsmacked's picture

This post is complete cr*p. The last candidate is eliminated and those votes are redistributed based on the preference votes. There is no "second round" at all where ALL votes are recounted, that doesn't make any sense.

It is sad that that you wrote this post when you don't understand the AV system!

Willp's picture

Even without counting machines, elections under AV are likely to cost more.
Australia’s elections under AV cost three times more than ours do. When preferential voting systems were introduced in Scotland and London, expensive vote counting machines were bought in at a cost of millions. That’s without even counting the need for more polling stations and election staff because AV ballots take longer to complete. An AV system would cost more than FPTP if only because multiple counts would cost more in the wages of those doing the counting.

writeoff's picture

One of the problems is that AV is so simple and obviously better that to explain it makes it sound like a one sided argument. 'To be balanced' the Beeb and others have to give credence to the spurious rubbish spewed by its detractors.

S. J. Dowden's picture

The BBC are doing themselves and the public a great disservice by not properly explaining AV. writeoff is correct to point out that the BBC is obviously afraid of doing this as it they think it will appear as them being pro AV, just as they are afraid to challenge the no to AV rubbish being pedalled by people who know they can't win the argument and so are being flexible with the truth just to win the referendum.

mike cobley's picture

AV offers a more sophisticated vote - in essence, when you write in 1,2,3,etc what you're doing is creating the path that you want you vote to go along. Anyone who writes in ranked preferences is not getting several votes - its the same vote, only rather than being discounted/disenfranchised as under FPTP, your vote stays in the race (as does everyone's vote)! And has an effect on the outcome. And for the Tories, that is anathema.

Of course, AV really only comes into play in 2- or 3-way marginals as opposed to constituencies where incumbent votes are weighed rather than counted ;-)

Dave C's picture

John Humphrys didn't pursue the point because of time (they had covered Bin Laden before), but that bit of the interview wasn't his finest hour.

More interesting was another part of the interview. Despite fronting a press conference for No2AV http://www.no2av.org/04/prime-minister-and-labours-lord-reid-back-no-to-av/

Cameron gave the "nothing to do with me squire" line on No2AV's claims such as the adverts featuring babies and soldiers. He claimed he was only involved with a Tory campaign.

For more: http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/may/03/david-cameron-distances-n...

Antonia Senior's picture

It's semantic confusion between count(1)=signify and count(2)=see how many.
Votes for leading candidate in second and subsequent rounds are not count(1)ed again (number already known) but do count(2) again (which is what you want)

Devonchap's picture

You should make it clear the French Presidental elections are on a two round system, not AV. The first election establishes the top two candidates and everyone votes again a week later in the the second round to decide between those two. So you do get two votes, but each vote is only counted once.

Why is it that every arguement, from Yes or No seems to be full of half truths. Pox on the lot of you!

Willp's picture

As the independent Electoral Commission pointed out in its booklet ‘Local elections and referendum’, in the second stage of the count, each of the Number 2 votes of the candidate with the fewest Number 1 votes is added to the chosen piles of Number 1 votes. Each Number 2 vote is added onto the Number 1 votes. So a Number 2 vote counts at this stage just as much as a Number 1 vote.
One plus one equals two. Yet when the No campaign points out that AV gives voters more than one vote, the Yes campaign accuses the No campaign of lying.

City Hobgoblin's picture

What's depressing is that neither Cameron nor Humphrys seem to understand the issues well enough to discuss them sensibly.

It's nonsense to say that people who vote for fringe candidates get an extra vote - the reality of the situation is that in most constituencies everyone gets one vote to choose between the two most viable candidates. Any vote cast for a candidate who is not going to be in the top two on first preferences(i.e. not going to get at least 30 - 35% on first preferences in most seats) is effectively ignored. If you prefer one of those less popular candidates any vote you make for them is essentially ignored. The system keeps moving down the preferences until it gets to the vote you cast for one of the viable candidates and the one of them you prefer gets your vote.

There are all sorts of criticisms of this (the fact that it tends to elect the least unpopular rather than the most popular, the fact that a third or fourth preference ends up with the same weight as a first preference) but none of them are one Cameron was making.

The exchange reveals several things about him that are becoming increasing plain - that he is not as clever as he thinks he is, that he is too arrogant to prepare properly and that he has nasty streak when riled.

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