Japan’s crisis and the anti-nuclear backlash
Germany and Switzerland suspend plans to build new power stations. Will others follow?
By George Eaton Published 15 March 2011 10:56
The nuclear crisis in Japan continues to get worse. After an explosion at reactor 2 at the Fukushima power station and a fire (now extinguished) at reactor 4, radiation from the plant has reached harmful levels. Everyone within 30 kilometres of the danger zone has been told to stay indoors, and a no-fly zone has been imposed around the power station.
The prime minister, Naoto Kan, has warned: "Radiation has spread from these reactors and the reading of the level seems high . . . There's still a very high risk of further radioactive material coming out." The plant's operator, the Tokyo Electric Power Co, reported dose rates of up to 400 millisieverts per hour – eight times the legal limit for exposure in one year.
But as several scientists have reminded us this morning, this is not another Chernobyl. The four damaged reactors at the Fukushima plant were shut down automatically when the earthquake was detected. In Chernobyl, by contrast, the reactor exploded while operating at full temperature, with the result that far greater levels of radioactive material were released.
Despite this, the Fukushima accident has already prompted a rethink in several European countries not renowned for their large earthquakes. In Germany, Angela Merkel, who reversed the popular SPD-Green pledge to phase out nuclear energy by 2022, has announced a "three-month moratorium" on plans to renew 17 power stations. In other words, the Japanese catastrophe has provided Merkel with the political cover necessary to drop an extraordinarily unpopular policy (88 per cent of the public want all plants closed).
Germany isn't alone. Switzerland, another country not known for its high levels of seismic activity, has suspended the approvals process for three new nuclear power stations.
In Italy, where large earthquakes are more common, plans to introduce nuclear energy by 2013 are now in doubt. But it's notable that the US, where eight plants are located on the earthquake-prone West Coast, has offered a robust defence of nuclear power. Yet as the New York Times noted: "most of the nuclear plants in the United States share some or all of the risk factors that played a role at Fukushima Daiichi: locations on tsunami-prone coastlines or near earthquake faults, ageing plants and back-up electrical systems that rely on diesel generators and batteries that could fail in extreme circumstances."
Given the uncertain outcome of events in Japan, other countries, including Britain, are suspending judgement. The twin challenges of energy security and climate change have bolstered the case for nuclear power in recent years. The long-term consequences of any decision to change course deserve serious consideration.
Latest tweets
More from New Statesman
- Tools and services:
- Polls
- Predictions
- Jobs
- Archive
- Magazine
- PDF edition
- RSS feeds
- Subscribe
- Special supplements
- Stockists

















28 comments
Setting aside the eternal battle between the nuclear power corporations and the environmentalists, in an ironic way it's good that attention's being put on nuclear power again.
Deal with these questions. The Japanese plants in question are using outdated technology. If further meltdowns happen, where do millions of people go in a small country like Japan? In the States, it's illegal to build plants in California. If there's a meltdown near L.A., how will the almost bankrupt city evacuate the population?
The coal burning plants that produce electricity are still a viable option. They have the technology to properly scrub the air in the stacks to the point that it is perfectly safe to breathe, they just don't want to absorb that kind of expenditure. They need to admit that it's a global problem and their petty greed isn't enough of an excuse any longer to NOT do this, and to DO IT!
There is a need for nuclear power, however there should more research into cold fusion.
Another problem connected to these reactors, which are designed by the American company Westinghouse over forty years ago, is that, since at least 1972 there have been concerns that they are afflicted with fundamental design faults.
The biggest is undoubtedly the bizarre decision to store the used fuel rods in great tanks of water situated, wait for it... above the reactor core, inside the same building.
I suppose it's unecessary to mention that in the event of a meltdown, or an explosion inside the reactor building these rods, in their hundreds, are positioned in precisely the wrong place.
That the Japanese have almost thrown in the towel, is perhaps indicated by the worrying decision to evacuate the plant, withdrawing 800 workers and leaving only skeleton crew behind, 60 people to deal with six reactors.
This thing, unless some miracle happans, is going to be Chernobyl on steroids.
Nuclear power is a flawed system. It's incredibly, monterously, expensive, and probably consumes more energy than it produces. If one looks at the entire life-cycle of a plant; especially the cost and energy needed to store the radioactive waste for centuries.
That's apart from the dangers involved, from Titanic accidents, that apparently cannot happen, but have an irritating habit of happening.
The risks are simply too big, if something goes really wrong, to accept. What price does one put on a devastated swathe of Japan?
I'm 64, and I remember ecologists warning us very loudly in the 1960s that nuclear was not a sane option. However, as a Canadian, I have since learned that environmental damage is not a factor, nor is life and death. What really matters is how much money we can make. I'm sure our present Canadian government will back me up in this.
We all carry Stron. 90 after the first tests. We really need legal action against the well heeled readers of chicken entrails getting involved ie. George Monobore, and Johnathon Porridge and the Qeen's sustainibility Guru Jennifer Juniper.
What ever happens the Japs have the inner resources to cope or they willbale out like EHtchTEE!
The UK needs coal like never before.
Arab oil no longer an option. Nuclear is dangerous and expensive. wild-power only works when the wind blows.
What are we waiting for ?? For decades (it started with the kippour war) we have been at the mercy of (mostly) arab states, & speculators for our energy prices; in addition we have had several nuclear accidents (T.M.I, chernobyk, now Japan)& the potential damage that could be inflicted by this or the next incident is huge - we need (should have started 40 years ago!)to develop sustainable energy on a big scale (Denmark is currently leading the way), this should be governments TOP priority for the next 15 years
The World Nuclear Association's predictions are overly cautious and unable to explain situations in which you have very HIGH levels of natural background radiation, such as in Ramsar, Iran, with no attendant decrease in longevity or increase in cancer rates. In fact, longevity in Ramsar appears to be better than elsewhere.
Right now the media is being very irresponsible in its portrayal of the potential threats of nuclear contamination, likening this to a possible Chernobyl, even though Chernobyl was a different type of reactor entirely and that a meltdown in these reactions (light water reactors) does not cause a violently explosive Chernobyl-style catastrophe. (Credit to your article for mentioning this, it needs to be reinforced, as networks such as CNN are being absolutely responsible in this respect).
We also forget that Chernobyl killed far less people than is commonly assumed. In fact, the psychological stress has proven to be far more deadly than the actual radiation dosages most people (aside from the plant technicians on-duty at the time) received.
The biggest danger right now is the threat of internal radiation exposure, especially with the reactors constantly exploding and being vented. This, more than anything, caused the majority of damage in Chernobyl when people drank contaminated milk and water, as it does damage to the thyroid. This is the point of handing out iodine tablets--a very good move on the part of the Japanese government.
400 msv is certainly serious--but if you look closely at the reports, they are reading 400 msv NEAR the reactors. Definitely dangerous for those in the vicinity, but saying simply that contamination has been recorded at 400 msv, misportrays this, leading readers to assume that such high levels of contamination are spreading beyond the reactor, which seems unsubstantiated.
Further extending this to the idea that all nuclear reactors and nuclear projects in the developed world should be shut down is just irresponsible. Not only is it wrong to compare nuclear technology today to that used in reactors more than half a century ago, it is explicit misinformation.
Wow! the anti nuclearists have been handed Christmas, Easter and Hogmany on a plate. If you want healthy, long living citizens, get yourself nuked by the USA. The real problem is primitive countries like Iran who may do us all a favour by wiping out their population with a Nuclear Mistake. If a French reactor went AWOL would the French bear the astronomical costs of transporting the population of say Sussex to OZ?
Should the French be paying into an insurance fund now. Finally Medeicine without bottoms or sides is in Japan, they are needed in Libya but they are in Japan, Lol, lol
USA Radioactive Plume Maps
I am working on a new site nuclearpowerdanger.com I have created some radioactive plume maps based solely on wind. Working on
more specific map methodology.
http://www.nuclearpowerdanger.com/plume-maps/sitemap-nuclear-power-plant...
These are existing plumes of radiation caused by "normal" releases.
My methodology is outlined here
http://www.nuclearpowerdanger.com/plume-maps/methodology.php
I welcome feedback.
Jorn
"Captain Sensible - nuclear accidets, wherever theyare, yend to get carrid in the wing, to everywhere mainly carrying the Strontium 90 nuvlear un healthy isotope.
Chidren leukemia would be nil if it wasn't for it, post-1945."
This seems to make no sense whichever way I read it!
Where do people get their information from about the nuclear industry? They don't actually believe the expensively produced propaganda coming from the industry itself do they? Why would anybody do that?
And as if the propaganda from the industry wasn't enough, the state then piles on another layer of propaganda, usually containing the words "new" and "generation" and often "renaissance."
Look out in eastern Europe!
Plans still ongoing to develop the Belene nuclear plant in Bulgaria, and that site lies in an earthquake zone. The plan has received European Commission sanction, and HSBC is considering funding at the moment
http://bit.ly/h0khsa
Ukraine's energy strategy to 2030 foresees 22 new nuclear reactors - a lot of export potential to EU markets
http://bit.ly/fbRRFu
Nuclear is extremely expensive - not only in the enormous construction costs of building nuclear power stations, and their subsequent de-commissioning, but also in the prohibitive (and potentially unlimited) costs of dealing with nuclear waste.
In the meantime, money spent on the nuclear option means less money to be spent on safer, renewable forms of energy which are not going to leave a legacy of radioactive waste which will have to be stored safely for thousands of years. As an island, Britain is particularly well placed to make use of tidal power. Surely this would be a better investment than nuclear power?
On purely economic terms the cost of nuclear power generation is prohibatively exspensive, and would be commercially impossible without massive state subsidies, that conceal the true costs, for decades; or in the case of the radioactive waste - centuries.
But then this is how captitalism works, we never pay the real "market price" for anything. The profit is taken now, but the cost is pushed out into the future for someone else, the taxpayer, to pick up.
So why on earth do we have nuclear energy when it's so colossally expensive and so, potentially, catastrophically, dangerous?
If this disaster in Japan goes really wrong, and turns into a nuclear catastrophe, who picks up the tab? Certainly not the privately run industry, because it will be pushed into bankruptcy. That just leaves the Japanese state.
George Eaton has forgotten the cooling pools that contain huge amounts of highly radioactive waste. If they are damaged and catch fire, they make Chernobyl look like a picnic.
And what about the cost of the cleanup? That'll be close to a 1000 million, and that's just at the plant. Who pays for that?
This is assuming that Tokyo isn't contaminated by a radioacitve cloud, which could happen, if things go really wrong. How on earth does one calculate that kind of cost? Do it, and then tell me that nuclear power makes "economic" sense.
Why do we in the West follow economic policies that, on the face of it, are insane, or, to put it another way, make no economic sense?
Basically, it's because these "uneconomic" parts of the economy, function as a form of "stealth tax" and way to transfer wealth upwards, and if something goes wrong the taxpayer is always there to pick up the tab.
The thing is, in human and planetary terms, ANY nuclear risk is too much risk, because of the unthinkable implications for generations to come. Nuclear is alone in that.
Post new comment