The courage of Judge Peter Bowers
Those sentencing remarks in context.
By David Allen Green Published 07 September 2012 12:25
Every week in every Magistrates' Court and Crown Court there are judges and magistrates making sentencing remarks to convicted defendants.
Often this is a pointless exercise. Words of admonishment or of encouragement are likely to have little or no effect. Indeed, one can wonder why such remarks are made. All that the defendant will usually want is to know what their sentence will be and not receive a pep talk from the bench.
Perhaps there is a good argument for stopping such remarks but it may well be that, in certain situations, they could make a positive if marginal difference.
And if that is the case, then it is in the public interest for the remarks to be made: less re-offending is for the good of everyone.
However, sometimes these comments are clumsy or crass. And sometimes they can be reported out of context by a sensationalist media, packaging the story to get outrage from readers and quotes from politicians. After all, is the attitude, judges are always out of touch; it is just a question of finding examples.
So with this in mind, let's look at the case of Judge Peter Bowers, the judge who has caused media and political uproar because of his apparent commendation of the courage of a burglar.
The full sentencing remarks are not actually available (though that will not stop many people having very strong opinions), but the fullest report appears to be from the newspaper which broke the story:
Judge Peter Bowers admitted he could be “pilloried” for his decision to let a serial burglar walk free from his court.
He said: “It takes a huge amount of courage as far as I can see for somebody to burgle somebody’s house.
“I wouldn’t have the nerve.
“Yet somehow, bolstered by drugs and desperation, you were prepared to do that,” he told Richard Rochford, the man in the dock yesterday.
He accepted that Rochford, 26, had been harmed by prison.
“I think prison very rarely does anybody any good,” he said. “It mostly leaves people the chance to change their own mind if they want to.
“I don’t think anybody would benefit from sending you to prison today. We’d all just feel a bit easier that a burglar had been taken off the streets.”
This tells us two important things. First, the judge seems to be aware that there would be an adverse public reaction to his comments. This suggests he is not naive. He acknowledges how badly the remarks may go down, but he is going to make them anyway. This may be because of arrogant stupidity, or because he had the courage to realise any positive impact would be worth being "pilloried".
Second, the remarks seem to be in the context of not sending a defendant into prison when it looks like it was a previous imprisonment – and the availability of drugs in a prison – which formed part of the reason why the defendant resorted to burglary.
Nonethless, the reported comments are strange.
No one who has ever been burgled will think that it is an exercise of courage, or indeed of any other virtue.
But what the judge was evidently seeking to convey is that a burglary is not what people would normally do but for (in this case) the "drugs and desperation".
However, there are many other ways of making the same point and one would expect an experienced judge to have said something more appropriate. Indeed, according to the Daily Mirror, the burglar himself denied that he had been courageous:
I feel sorry for what I did because I know what people feel like to get burgled.
I know what my dad felt like when he got burgled. I feel bad for what I did.
I know it won’t make up for what I’ve done but I am sorry. I don’t think burglary is a courageous thing to do.
I felt awful about it to be honest but I can barely remember even doing it – I was on 60 to 70 valium tablets a day at the time.”
That last sentence is important. Remember the judge said it was "drugs and desperation" which made the defendant do something he otherwise would not do.
The burglar added:
I do think the judge was right to not put me in prison because last time I went in, I took drugs and if he’d have put me back in there,
I would have taken drugs again, I would have gone on to commit more crimes.
There’s no chance I’ll be getting back into drugs. I start a new job in a week’s time.
We can only take the defendant's comments at face value, but if sincere then there is a lower risk of further crimes being committed.
And if that is so, then the tragedy in this case is that an example of the criminal justice system working – in that there it is less likely that there will be re-offending by a defendant – has been converted by the media into a classic "law is an ass" story.
The sensible response to the remarks is that of Frances Crook of the Howard League for Penal Reform who told me:
Comments that appear to belittle the seriousness and trauma of domestic burglary are unhelpful, so while the sentiment was mistaken, the sentence was correct.
Community sentences have a far better track record of helping people into crime free lives than a short prison sentence and that means fewer victims.
Those who advocate prison sentences indiscriminately have to accept responsibility for their failure and the next victim should be on their conscience.
In passing the sentence, and in attempting to engage with the defendant in his sentencing remarks, Judge Peter Bowers said something which was at best unfortunate.
But that was not the only thing he did.
It would appear that Judge Peter Bowers imposed a sentence which was both correct at law and also likely to lead to a lower risk of the defendant re-offending; and he should be praised for doing this, even if his remarks were obtuse.
David Allen Green is legal correspondent of the New Statesman
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32 comments
"Those who advocate prison sentences indiscriminately have to accept responsibility for their failure and the next victim should be on their conscience."
Yes, what a lovely comment. I wonder if Frances also thinks that applies to characters such as Judge Jonathan Geake, who presided over a case in which the defendants had held an autistic boy of 17 captive for 3 days and tortured him (kicking and stamping on him, and force-feeding him dog shit and alcohol). Judge Geake felt that what happened to the boy wasn't all that serious, so he decided to spare them a prison sentence, whereupon they again went after the boy for having grassed them up, leading to his having to leave the city for his own safety.
I wonder if Frances, or those who think like her, feel that Geake should 'accept responsibility for his failure' and that what happened after he set the torturers free should weigh on his conscience.
Or perhaps not. Since Geake is so obviously on 'the right side' of this matter, and it's only people who DISAGREE with the Frances Crooks who should have to. Right?
I agree that the remarks were crass and I amazed that the word "courage" was used ! However, an appropriate community sentence is within the sentencing framework for this offence and the judge cannot necessarily be faulted for imposing one even if another judge might not. As for sentencing remarks, there is a requirement (CJA 2003 s174) to explain the reasons for and the effect of a sentence. Having said that, most defendants only want to know the "bottom line." so it is best to keep remarks (a) short and (b) uncontroversial. Also, having announced sentence, there are definitely instances where the sooner the defendant is out of the courtroom the better.
I had no idea so many criminals read The New Statesman.
It's gratifying to see a Judge put himself at risk from the press, because he feels it is the right thing to do.
Time that judges realised that a major part of their function is to hand down retribution, irrespective of the effect on the offenders or even on the chance that they will reoffend. We want the buggers to suffer, un point c'est tout.
...a major part of their function is to hand down retribution....?? Since when? The task of the court is to provide justice, one element of which is consideration of the effect of crime on the victim, and society. Of all the other considerations involved, pandering to the fetishes of narrow minded "flog 'em and hang 'em high" Daily Mail readers is not high on the agenda.
If the home is so sacrosanct and must be defended with appropriate force does this mean that a pensioner, recognizant of failing physical prowess and resident in a council estate or its equivalent, will have to apply for a shotgun license?
Will her/his application be looked upon favourably by the authorities? Or will the pensioner be informed that there is no wild life in her/ his neighbourhood?
Surely this is not another case of the freedom to dine out at the Ritz?
Percentage-wise, we are sure more burglaries occur on such public housing estates than occur at remote residences in the countryside.
Shotgun-boogie
It would help if we didn't treat the quality of physical courage as if it were a moral virtue. The simple fact of the matter is that many people perform risky actions without letting fear deter them. These people might be doing good things or bad things, but the courage that allows them, say, to run into a burning building to save someone or to break into another person's house to rob it is one and the same. Is this distinction more difficult to grasp now that our society has become so intensively militarised ("our" warriors are brave heroes, "theirs" are cowardly murderers)? I don't know. But it would be more honest to try to keep this distinction between physical courage and moral courage in mind. It's the judge in this case who showed the latter.
Spot on. The belief that only virtuous acts can require courage is widely-held, but entirely mistaken.
It might take courage to go and burgle a big house, like a judge's house or a politician's mansion. Kicking in the door, or window, in your own backyard is exploitative predatory cowardice.
This is the first balanced report i've read of the events which unfolded to which few of us can claim to have heard for ourselfs, and to my mind have been jumped on by a lazy media. Thank you.
This is the first balanced report i've read of the events which unfolded to which few of us can claim to have heard for ourselfs, and to my mind have been jumped on by a lazy media. Thank you.
I guess the thing about judges is that we expect them to make judgements? Peter Bowers would have weighed up what was going to have the best outcome, firstly for society and secondly for the young man. His words may have been ill judged but his sentiments weren't, he clearly wanted to do what he could to prevent someone offending again and to encourage him to get on and stay on - the right road. The young man may betray his confidence, but that doesn't make it any less important that our judges and magistrates make similarly intelligent, evidenced based decisions. Thank you David for touching on this thorny issue, it is only when we begin to challenge the hang'em and flog'em brigade that we will ever see a more effective and enlightened approach to tackling crime. I hadn't realised until recently, that while all agencies working with offenders outside the prison system have targets to reduce re-offending, prisons do not! No wonder they are rightly regarded as universities of crime.
The offenders in my area, that are within safe houses and are being rehabed, well they are out all hours of day and night doing drugs and trading stolen goods.
Seems the nancies 'doing their rehab are scared to stop them leaving the hostel.
Mind you the love an hoodie brigade do not have them two doors away from where hey live.
I have been mugged by them twice.
I guess the thing about judges is that we expect them to make judgements? Peter Bowers would have weighed up what was going to have the best outcome, firstly for society and secondly for the young man. His words may have been ill judged but his sentiments weren't, he clearly wanted to do what he could to prevent someone offending again and to encourage him to get on and stay on - the right road. The young man may betray his confidence, but that doesn't make it any less important that our judges and magistrates make similarly intelligent, evidenced based decisions. Thank you David for touching on this thorny issue, it is only when we begin to challenge the hang'em and flog'em brigade that we will ever see a more effective and enlightened approach to tackling crime. I hadn't realised until recently, that while all agencies working with offenders outside the prison system have targets to reduce re-offending, prisons do not! No wonder they are rightly regarded as universities of crime.
The Judge is encouraging criminal behaviour and is disgusting .I bet he would sing a different tune if it was his house that was burgled.
so Simon, either you've not bothered to read this article, or, you are stupid.
i hope for your sake it is option 1.
very good article. deeply disappointed by the vast array of news outlets that reported this so hysterically. well done for shining some light on this.
I know car sellers in a place called Hyde, to supplement their millionaire lifestyle they rob houses too, and one got his come-to-Satan order in an house in Cheshire, when a gangster turned his gun on the member of the other gang. The robber that is was a gangster robbing the gangster. The police could have arrested both of them if two had still been alive.
Why bother with prison? There are enough social housing estates to which wrong-doers may be consigned for all sorts of re-hab.
Will be throughly surprised if this convicted defendant hails from a community located in the leafy suburbs or a mansion in millionaires' row.
This sort of public housing ghetto is designed to keep people in. The golden private ghetto is designed to keep people, apart from the deserving rich, out.
Let's not be judgmental. This bewigged individual is using his noddle.
Obiter Dickta
Seems the Criminal ought have been in the Judges place and let off one of his mates for passing the primed grenade crossed with intent to murder relay.
Oh yea courage, flat slob often armed with machette /knife or gun... and goes for easy targets, mind you sometimes enhancers ask them to raid their post offices in places like Salford.
The profit is shared the business /house and car insurance premiums go up in the area.
Judge meets Post Office people, criminals and insurers and all get a nice tan on a beach in the Sun.
Job well done - some courage there.
His Honour Judge Bowers has caused a furore, and the press are enjoying a feeding frenzy concerning his comments about burglary and bravery.
Without a transcript, we do not know precisely what he said, and more importantly, the special context of his remarks. Sentencing comments do have a dual role – a message to the public about the crime – and a message to the offender about their behaviour and how it impacts on society. It may be that Judge Bowers on this occasion, has got the balance wrong, or misjudged his audience.
Contrary to the press reporting, Judge Bowers’ comments in no way condoned burglary, nor applauded a perpetrator. Judge Bowers is known as a resolute sentencer and a mile from a soft touch. His reputation is for sound common sense and safe, realistic judgment.
It is likely that the purpose of this part of his sentencing remarks was aimed specifically at Richard Rochford, sending this message to him:- ‘if you have the courage/capacity to commit a heinous crime like this, you should have the courage/capacity to change your ways’.
Whilst society expects most offenders to self-determine their rehabilitation, my thirty three years of experience of criminal justice says otherwise. One of the most testing and difficult changes for a re-offender is the decision to quit. Offending frequently becomes a lifestyle for criminals, trapped by weakness, insignificance, life experience, drug dependence or peer group. Such offenders stand little chance of escape from crime. Their criminal lifestyle is self-perpetuating, whilst society looks on – administering deserved punishment but without offering solutions.
This is why re-offending in a prison-obsessed society is so high. It is also why on the whole, prisons cannot work. Being confined to a cell, exercising and socialising with other criminals is not a good recipe to bring about change. Community sentences attempt to address this, and have some success – certainly better than incarceration with other offenders. Britain has an unusually high prison population, which over many decades, has not reduced offending. For that, one needs to look to other social measures.
I sense that the message Judge Bowers wanted to convey was that as this particular offender was clearly not daunted by the sheer risk of committing the crime, he should have sufficient courage to tackle the hazardous and testing task of his own rehabilitation. In speaking about courage, Judge Bowers sought to harness Rochford’s strengths for ‘good’ rather than ‘evil’ – for rehabilitation rather than re-offending. This is a sensible message to an offender. But perhaps it was too subtle for the media to grasp?
When the press has moved on to new news, and politicians have ceased to posture, perhaps then we can explore the real debate that Judge Bowers’ starting pistol has triggered. What is the true role for prison, why does it not provide sufficient benefits for the public, and how can it be made to work? It is notable that, in the aftermath of Judge Bowers’ remarks, no one seems willing to seize that particular nettle.
If he meant to indicate that a preparedness to burgle was a sign of having a form of courage that could be turned to better use, why does he seem also to have said that the offender was driven by drugs and desperation?
I doubt anyone truly believes he meant to suggest burglars were admirable. I'm sure he no doubt wishes he had chosen his words more carefully.
It is hard to comment on the sentencing decision without knowing more but it certainly looks, at first glance, a perfectly sensible one. I agree that the (sometimes wilful) misreporting of sentences and judicial statements is worryingly and disgracefully common. However, that is why judges are exhorted to exercise care over what they say and encouraged to recognise that they have a responsibility for ensuring that respect for the justice system is not undermined. If by saying things that are, to use your terminology, "strange", "unfortunate" and "obtuse" the good sense of the outcome is obscured some criticism of the judge does seem appropriate.
The ridiculous thing is that "courage" has nothing to do with whether a crime desrves imprisonment or not. It's quite likely that many criminals are courageous, brave or what might better be described as foolhardy. I never beleive that idiot refrain from school days that bullies were cowards.
I don't greatly care if a criminal was courageous or not in carrying out a crime. That should have no bearing at all on the sentence passed.
However, this is not to excuse this idiot judge. Presentation matters, and it's very easy to see how victims of crimes like this will be aghast at what appears to be inappropriate praising of a criminal. So this judge has brought all this invective on himself. His statement was irrelevant to the sentence and dismissive of the feelings of the victims.
It’s incredibly unfortunate that this occurred. In my mind, it’s clear that the underlying desire was not to conflate the actions of the burglar with those of valiant rescuers. For me, the context suggests that it was not ‘courage’ in the sense of valour and bravery but in the sense of cheek and impudence. Of course, a good grasp of language and oratory seems to be vital to the profession but it’s inevitable that individuals will occasionally select the wrong words or inadvertently skip a vital qualifier when speech is spontaneous. It’s entirely speculative but I would guess that the addition of “I wouldn’t have the nerve” was intended to give clarification of intent since ‘nerve’ is often used in a scathing fashion.
Sadly, human fallibility and the number of judges mean that it’s only a matter of time before the media gets an example to pounce upon.
Importantly, the original article cited demonstrates that the judge did give consideration to the victims by stating that they deal with the ramifications “for months and months and sometimes years, they never recover.” It may seem paltry to some but it does demonstrate that the victims were not considered an irrelevancy as some would portray it.
Additionally, the burglar asked for two more burglaries and an attempted burglary to be taken into account then managed to break free of drugs and acquire a job within a short window of time. My unqualified opinion is irrelevant (so are the opinions of most people outraged about this) but I think that justifies Judge Bowers taking an ‘extraordinary chance,’ especially when backed up by reference to imprisonment upon re-offense.
What would prison have achieved in this case beyond increasing the probability of future victims and ruining a chance of character development? I cannot imagine the sense of violation past victims suffered but I don’t believe their emotional needs can come at the expense of greater risks to others. The quote from Rochford in the Daily Mirror compounds my belief that it was right.
I'm truly sick of the 'bread and water' brigade frothing at the mouth and demanding empirically illiterate policies whenever the chance is presented, gladly wielding victims (which there'd be more of if we used their approach), whether they consent or not, as their justification.
David,
A fairly important point that you failed to make is that the Judge Bowers did make it very clear that a 30 months stretch awaits Richard Rochford if he steps out of line in the next two years.
To mention quotes you are about to state could be misunderstood, that in itself should be sufficient, note to self, not to make the statement, surely.
I may be in error but I believe the ‘pilloried’ comment was in relation to taking a chance with the sentence rather than the usage of courage. If it’s presumed that the quotes are in chronological order then the pilloried reference came later.
Words of admonishment or of encouragement are likely to have little or no effect. Indeed, one can wonder why such remarks are made.
Oh come on -- it must be the best part of being a judge (apart from the huge salary, snazzy wigs, servants and palatial dwellings).
"It takes a huge amount of courage as far as I can see for somebody to burgle somebody’s house."
As you say, this is only based on reports but, assuming the information above is all correct, the sentence appears logical. If the judge had said "nerve" or "brass neck" instead of "courage", he'd have conveyed much better what I suspect he meant.
While his choice of word was therefore regrettable, the sentiment makes sense and was part of a process that led to what appears to be a sensible conclusion.
In any case, the media fury over this really is not merited at all. If no-one can ever misspeak (even where the sentiment is clear and the actions taken perfectly defensible), those undertaking public roles will avoid anything that could be mistaken for original thoight or candour.
Isn't that rather the point of such manufactured outrage? To close down debate, and to deter the expression of any original thought or candour?