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Laurie Penny

Pop culture and radical politics with a feminist twist

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Why does my generation seem so spineless?

The baby boomers could risk rebellion. Not so for Generation Y.

When I closed the final pages of Francis Beckett's new book, What Did the Baby Boomers Ever Do for Us?, I found myself shaking with indignation. The book, which lays out an incisive case for how my parents' generation “squandered the good times” and betrayed the courage of the Attlee settlement, is flawed and uneven in many ways, but it makes at least one important observation.

“The Sixties generation,” says Beckett, “reinstalled the deference it rejected.” In other words, our mums and dads were free to get angry with adults, dabble in revolutionary politics and demand respect and attention, but heaven help Generation Y if we fail to comply with the grown-ups’ view of the world.

When I look at the defeated deference with which my generation treats its elders, I want to take young people by their collective shoulders and give them a good shake.

The young are in the process of being screwed over in a variety of cold and creative ways by an age group that is richer, freer and more powerful than any generation this country has seen or is likely to see again, and yet we have so far failed to come up with any sort of collective response to indignities that the baby boomers simply would not have stood for when they were young.

It’s conceivable that our parents love us, in their own special way, but that hasn't stopped them from mortgaging our futures and selling off all the privileges that they took for granted -- the jobs, the safe places to live, the affordable housing, the free education and the security of a generous and supportive welfare state.

That our parents had all of these things allowed them to produce a sustained cultural rebellion which was, in many ways, genuinely socially transformative. That we have none of them makes us timid, compliant and tragically quick to accept compromise.

I find myself dying a little inside, for example, whenever I hear a bright young liberal telling me that they're supporting Ed Miliband for Labour leader. I have nothing against him, but that's just the problem: the most decisive thing I've heard said about him by the next generation of the British left is that they've nothing against him.

When I ask them why, they generally look awkward, mumble something about progressive ideas, and then say: "He's a nice guy, and he’s quite good on the environment, he’s a good compromise for Labour supporters from across the spectrum, and, hey, he wasn’t around to vote in favour of the Iraq war."

And then they do that awful little smile, that hard, tight little smile forced up at the corners with those wide, willing eyes -- the smile of submission and desperation, the expression I've seen on young people's faces so many times since the credit crisis crunched down on our futures, the expression I've worn myself at countless job interviews, and they say: "And at least he's not as bad as any of the others."

When our parents were young, Beckett reminds us, some of them not only dared to imagine alternatives to militarism, but demonstrated to demand a politics that reflected their ideals rather than those of the overculture. By contrast, I was there when this video, which features prominently on Miliband Jr’s campaign website, was being shot.

Wait for the final three seconds: the young volunteer does the smile, and then delivers the line "Go, Ed" as mournfully as if he were speaking at a memorial service for a spirit of generational rebellion that crumpled at some point in the mid-1990s and inoffensively, quietly died.

Why does my generation seem so spineless? Fear is the reason, rather than lack of fervour. We all know what’s going on, but we blanch at asking for the rights and respect that our parents enjoyed because we’ve all seen what happened to those of our classmates and university friends who refused to play the game, who didn’t smile on cue, pass the exams every year and give the grown-ups what they wanted.

For the baby boomers, as Beckett astutely observes, the risks of rebellion were far lower than they are for us: rejecting your parents’ rules is far easier when you can rely on full employment, a supportive welfare state, free higher education and a culture that respects and nurtures young talent to catch you when you fall through the net.

Both of my parents were working-class kids who left school during their A-levels, and both are now wealthy, property-owning professionals, as are many of their friends who spent the 1970s doing drugs, playing music and rearranging the world to suit their ideals.

How many of today’s impoverished dropouts will be able to say the same in 40 years? “We were young in a kinder society,” Beckett pronounces of his generation. “If we really meant any of the things we said in the Sixties, about peace, about education, about freedom, we would have created a better world for our children to grow up in.”

Today’s young people decline to reject our parents openly, because most of us have no other option, but we know perfectly well that we’ve been had. Whether or not we continue to bite off our resentment behind forced smiles is up to us.

48 comments

praha7's picture

DaveC:
And the 1955 and 1959 election results?

Jaine Doe's picture

Although our parents were indeed baby-boomers, growing up in the sixties and seventies, most of them didn’t have their Generation Y children (us) until the 80s when, in most cases, the Tory backlash had already begun. It’s also important to point out that it was fashionable to be progressive and counter-culture and activist in the 60s and 70s. Just because people showed up at rallies and sit-ins didn’t necessarily mean that all of them understood/cared about the issues anymore than they did the tie dye t-shirts. And by the time they were ready to settle down and have us, the conservatism of the Reagan/Thatcher years had already begun.

Plain Jane's picture

"Both of my parents were working-class kids who left school during their A-levels, and both are now wealthy, property-owning professionals, as are many of their friends who spent the 1970s doing drugs, playing music and rearranging the world to suit their ideals."

The same thing can be said of rich, top-drawer Gen Y kids today, whose mummies and daddies bail them out with their money and clout, while less well-connected kids of the same generation have the proverbial book thrown at them for doing the same.

And the same thing was happening during the Roaring 20s, and the Gay 90s, and at pretty much any period in human history.

Exile's picture

Most baby boomers are going to start feeling the effects of the rollback of the welfare state. The oldest BBs are only 65 and the youngest 45 - these latter won't, as things look at the moment, be able to take their state pensions and enter Saga Holiday Land for another 23 years, and few will now be building up decent occupational pensions. If we want to point the finger it might be better pointed at the generation that has already retired - the ones who were in their 30s and 40s when Thatcherism and Reaganism took off.

Baby boomers would have been between 15 and 35 in 1980.

praha7's picture

Sarah D:
You do the working class a disservice.
I am working class,I marched in my first May Day rally in 1959 at the age of 17 and my first Aldermaston march in 1960 along with many of my working class friends and fellow Trades Unionists.We found the time.

Sarah D's picture

praha7

My sincere apologies - I was generalising (badly) to make a point.

Martin's picture

Considering the last time that the public seemed to stand up for its self, was the poll tax riot I have to agree.
The elite of this decade seem to have done far more to the working- middle and lower classes than the poll tax ever could have. We're in wars we dont wantor can afford to be and made to bear financial feduciary burdens not of our own making. Whats more it will get worse and I think people will still take it. Everybody else wants somebody else to do something about it and no one will be the first to pick up that stone and hurl it at the windows of parliament beacause they just can't be botheredand dont think they will have the support. Quite frankly you could hear people relishing at the idea of hanging politicians who had taken the pee out of expenses but Labour nearly got back in. We still allow our goverment to follow the tail of the Americans despite the fact they are so unpopular.I think were all too fat, old, lazy or just dont care. A Damn good riot is what we need

Njeri's picture

'the credit crisis crunched down on our futures,' - Nice 1.

Dan's picture

'Why does my generation seem so spineless?'

Debt. Lots and lots of debt.

Andrew's picture

Laurie, the trouble with our cohorts in Generation Y is fragmentation. If we want to stand up to the exploitation, we have to be united as a single force. I'd love to set up an organisation to do just that, but I'm too clueless and too overworked to find time to start!

paul barker's picture

Another breathtakingly original idea from ms Penny but doesnt this contradict her earlier assertion that all chidren are Faschists ? With intellectuals of this calibre Labour need never fear Government again.

Simon W's picture

I'm Gen X, and the only thing I hate more than a grabbing baby boomer is a whiny Gen Y. Way to go. It seems to have escaped Ms Penny's notice that she (or her friends) probably got her first mobile phone when someone else was payng for it. Etc.

I am a Comment's picture

Have Labour been anything other than a party for a modernist lower-middle-class since the 80s? I haven't really noticed if they have. Miliband indeed... I only have to look at that guy to want to rupture and throw up my own spleen.

I've never really recognised the working-class and poor in the social rebellions of the 60s either - at least, not in the way these myths are packaged and handed down to us.

In any case, much of what was really important in that revolution is what we are still living in - identifying ourselves through products, music, lifestyle and discourse. Essentially, the deployment of consumerism.

I scarcely even believe generation Y could recognise a real politics even if we saw it. The 60s is itself a strange mythological horizon on which we base our own artificial postures regarding idealistic futures. It's as over-produced as the Beatles.

And perhaps that's to some extent where this so-called spinelessness comes from - that our political disillusionment is no longer real even when it is valid. You won't die, or kill or risk jail for what is essentially a posture. Or at least not in the first stages of posture you won't. Maybe the next stage of posture is to rupture this unreal by proving yourself willing to kill, die and be jailed for your politics? This won't make anything any realer though.

I am a Comment's picture

And just for laughs, here's Timothy:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLv9Vn0chpI

William's picture

Being of gen-x but the cusp of boomers there are a number of things I note:
1 Social welfare (eg National Health in UK, Medicare in Australia even Medicaid for retirees and children in the USA) has been achieved. What more do you need?
2 The failure of full socialist economies to work efficiently and provide for has taken much of the quixotic 'dream' from those of the left plus the disillusionment with welfare dependancy. Go on strike now and your company shuts down and the work goes overseas. Progressives have had power and have done a mundane job, fizzle, nothing to get passionate about. Activists sometimes look like nutters with nothing to crusade against except evermore taxanomically obscure definitions of racism. The great qandry of our time "Global Warming" isn't anything that can specifically be blamed on anyone; it is essentially a scientiffic and technical problem and all the political will in the world can not prempt this. There is no solution yet and politicising it look ugly. It's even questionable there is a problem as urgent as stated. While attempts to create fear an angst around the issue (and it is angstworthy) have ultimatly been met with cynicism by a populace whose adrenal glands have been drained by coffee, work, distant wars and hype. Prudent but cautious action is the mood.
3 Its incredibly tough to build a carear and save enough money to find the time of work to have even one child. A society in which women have been put to work has also enslaved them to the workforce. The question of building familes in which both members can participate in the workforce while nurturning family is the primary question of our time but a rather mature one.

Demographic changes, an 'aging' of the population, should not be underestimated. There is simply less youth. Concurrently population growth has happened through immigration and housing costs seem up. Everyone is being carefull.

KMC's picture

I think you're right Luarie. About everything. Even the horrible little smiles. And many of the Gen Ys have become the boomers little policemen, Ready to crush anyone who steps out of line.

Oh right, we've got mobile phones and I-pods, but precariousness in every facet of our daily lives, from work to accommodation. It's crap.

jeremiah's picture

The baby boomers have pretty much ruined everything. They have bankrupted the country, damaged the pensions system and will live much longer than any other Generation.

The boomers are a demographic disaster area. My Generation (X) will be very lucky if we get to retire at all, even if we do we will be in penury in old age.

Boomers will throw at you "we changed everything". Yeah you did, for the worse!

All the major legal and economic changes that benefited the boomers were enacted by their parents and grandparents.

Thanks to Attlee, FDR, LBJ, JFK, Harold Wilson and Lord Beveridge.

No thanks whatsoever to Tariq Ali, Cohn-Bendit or the rest of those '60s poseur-tossers.

praha7's picture

Instead of sitting around moaning generation Y perhaps you should try doing something about it like joining a political party.At least
in this way you can start to change the things you so dislike instead of complaining about how hard done by you are.Is this an oversimplified generalisation?Of course it is just like the posts above.

Hal's picture

Perhaps you are not really very angry? From the 1980's I remember mass unemployment, living in buildings without heating, furnishing a home from skips, working very hard, collecting food for the miners on strike, the threat of the cold war turning into nuclear war. And no phone.

Yank named Hank's picture

Allow me to explain, in my best Michael Caine... You see luv, you're average middle class boomer, eh likes is quid as much as the upper classes and likely eh's been workin' a bit harder for it. But after they come back from the Isle or Wright, Thatcher and Reagan tells 'em that "government is the problem" and well, that and taxes. And it were a bit of a shock when they started payin' them taxes. Yeah, luv, their parents lived through depression and war to give your parents a better life, and your parents lived through peace and prosperity to give you foreign and domestic debt, but they's gonna solve that now with an austerity program.

Kevin's picture

I don't think your generation is spineless at all. Try taking away an iPhone or iPod from one of them and you'll be in for a fight.

Aliqot's picture

Well, no. Some of us campaigned against Thatcher and Reagan, against low income tax for the wealthy, against rising house prices. Some of us weren't on that particular bandwagon, and deplore the crass materialism of the past 30 years.

It's a divide and rule tactic. Set the old against the young, rather than against those who have really screwed our society. Broken Britain? Courtesy of free market capitalism.

Mrs Littlejohn's picture

Ethch Tee-You are my hero. I think you could quite possible save the world with your enlightened youtube diplomacy..

Des Demona's picture

I think I qualify as a baby boomer. I don't remember screwing anything up; must have been all the drugs.

Laurie as one of the first posters pointed out - this is a class war not an age war. Us 'baby boomers' are being screwed over as much as anyone. It started in the eighties with Thatcher destroying the power of the unions and the introduction of short term contracts.
I remember Scargill being villified in the press for stating that if the Tories got their way, 90% of our coal mines would shut with whole communities being destroyed. He was right.

It's been down hill since then as far as the working class is concerned. I still can't believe that a labour government brought in student loans. If the tories had done it there would have been rioting in the streets. It was a betrayal, pure and simple.

Martin L's picture

Des, have you any idea of what you are saying? I lived 200 yards from "King Arthur" - the man was a bully and braggard, who failed in his attempt to shaft the country.

And what of the salt of the earth miners? My parents were on benefits, and we were quite poor. The miners (and their children) would boast of their Capri's, foreign holidays and trainers. in contrast, the first time I went abroad (at 19) meant carrying a rifle- Elvis Costello would have definately disapproved!

My point is that the miners were kind of the 'upper class' in these communities - and did they lord it over everyone! the strike changed that, and they were brought down to earth! seeing the violence against 'scabs' and their homes being attacked turned me against socialism. Perhaps you have seen far different things to me...

David D's picture

Another great post Laurie. The phrase, 'the roof was never fixed while the sun was shining' resonates with me at the moment. I disagree with the idea that class and age are different factors in this so-called 'war.' People who are older and who had the opportunity to demand huge salaries for long periods of time have naturally acclimatised to being a certain class. This is especially prevalent in the creative sphere of design, branding, advertising, PR and all that nonsense they do i Farringdon. My brother, for example is 15 years older than me and has, for most of his professional career commanded a salary of over 100k. His firm now has a 20 strong foundation of unpaid interns and the next tier above them earn £500 per month as office based 9-6 'freelancers' who do the role of 'junior designer' that used to be paid above minimum wage. Boomers are figuring out new ways to exploit the generation below them and unless young people toughen up this generational slide towards worthlessness is only going to gather momentum.

quiet riot girl's picture

Dear Laurie
You use the word 'submission' in every article you write!

Love from a lover of submission

Mrs Littlejohn's picture

I love the debate this article has prompted. The baby boomers were fortunate enough to live through a unique period in both our economy and politics, but lets not be jealous. Not long after the UK's quasi-socialist honeymoon, neo-liberalism and the free market entered the stage. The results of which are painfully clear in Britian today. The baby boomers blind adoration combined with an agressive consumerist economy gave birth to a new generation of Britons filled with the kind of greed and wild expectations our parents never dreamt of, but which they encouraged. Their experience taught them that dreams are realised. Work hard, pay your mortgage and you'll end up with a holiday home in Spain. No other period in our history was such a utopia. What can we learn from this? Very crudely, the juxtaposed positions of Atlee and Thatcher created two very different generations. While my grandparents lived on rations, sewed up socks and had baths once a week the benefits of universal welfare were clear. Expensive though.. In order for the UK to compete globally, the 1980's saw it seduced by dazzling lights of the liberal global markets. Cue the closure of local industries and the ensuing multi generational dependency on the welfare state. Even more expensive. I was lucky enough to have a free eductaion, free healthcare and even 2 special years of free school milk. Im grateful. I think that, while we haven't come out as well as those rascallish hippies with their wild ideas about world peace and nuclear disarmament, I dare say we will fare better than our children.

praha7's picture

MrsLittlejohn: I think you are forgetting that the same electorate that voted Atlee in voted him out again in 1951 and subsequently voted twice more for the tories which kept them in power for 13 years.It was only when those born during the war and the boomers born after the war came of age that the Wilson governments of 1964 and 1968 were elected.So if we are going to play this silly blame game let's spread it about a bit more evenly.
I note by the way that it was the young who were particularly taken in by Clegg and thus have helped to bring about an even bigger disaster on their heads.

Dave C's picture

praha7

1951 election result

Party Votes cast Percentage of the vote

Tories 13,717,538 48%

Labour 13,948,605 48.8%

Hardly a moral defeat for Labour: they just got fewer seats.

Mrs Littlejohn's picture

@Praha7- Hey, you clearly underestimate the spineless nature of my comment. Is it not clear I am one of apathetic 80's babies Laurie was dissin?.. There is no hint of blame in my tone, I dont think its helpful. There is simply cause and effect. Different social models create different results and everything has its shadow. If I could be bothered enough to turn off the Jeremy Kyle and join a political party it would be one that was
1)committed to reducing the gap between rich and poor
2)providing universal health, welfare and education
3)committed to promoting civil liberties.
New Labour didnt really manage it but the decentralisation programme coming from the new co-alition is moving swiftly towards destablising our poorest and most vulnerable. Do they have to do it to save us from economic meltdown? Maybe. There was a cause (consumerism, personal debt, national debt, a lack of regulation of the global markets) and there will be an effect(cue the cuts to fundamental social infrastructure)
Happy Days!

Nyk-E's picture

Kevin,
Spot on!
However, I agree with this article to a certain extent. Certainly our generation is perhaps "spine-less" and perhaps debt has a lot to do with it, but I think it is really just a general apathy that overcame us. We don't care.

.'s picture

It's not age war. It's class war.

Melissa's picture

I would like to request less massive generalisation in this debate, please.

I am in my early twenties, have known unemployment, debt and poverty and I have nothing to blame my parents for because they are not part of this apparent enemy - and like thousands of others, my parents did not enjoy "the jobs, the safe places to live, the affordable housing" you cite anymore than their parents did, because these things are not and never have been universally available.

Rage at Daddy and Mummy if you want, but this is hardly a generational rallying cry.

Sarah D's picture

Hmmm - up to a point. Firstly, only middle-class baby boomers had the leisure to protest and rebel. And, secondly, despite dolling itself up for the summer of love, this was the same generation which voted in Thatcher and Reagan. IS Generation Y - mine too, actually - spineless? I don't know. (As an historian of childhood, it seems to me that these arguments about the 'youth of today' - from both left and right - haven't changed terribly much over the past century or so.) If there is a difference between us and our parents' activism, it seems to me that we're more pragmatic - that we go about 'making a difference' by living and working differently.

priggy's picture

i agree 100%. The people who have rebelled and are rebelling are being punished and treated badly. They are rebelling badly and becoming violent.
The elder generation have a lot to answer for but we can learn from them as well.
We need to start not just building a country for us and future generations but we also need to start building a world for us and for future generations.

priggy's picture

Melissa, of course some people in every generation suffered but it was that generation as a collective. It was their generation that left us in this mess that if we tried to speak out and rebel - would have been punished for when they weren't.

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