Helen Lewis

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Stop messing with Jane Austen!

Murder mysteries, zombie horror stories, eye-watering erotic novels - why does everyone rewrite Pride & Prejudice?

It is a truth universally acknowledged that anyone who writes about Pride and Prejudice cannot resist riffing on its deliciously measured opening sentence. Granted, they never improve on the original - nor do the adaptations that have tried to capitalise on its enduring appeal. The only one that comes close is Andrew Davies's BBC series, although even here Colin Firth's damp shirt and Elizabeth and Darcy's closing-credits smooch gave the purists palpitations.

I'd happily name Pride and Prejudice as my favourite novel. Spending the past year studying its forebears (particularly Frances Burney's fabulous but flawed novels Evelina and Cecilia) has only made me appreciate it more. It's happy without being mawkish, structured without being sterile and waspish without being arch. And what is the response of the publishing industry to such perfection? A temptation to meddle.

The grande dame of detective fiction™, P D James, is the latest author to commandeer my beloved Lizzie Bennet for her own ends. In the newly published Death Comes to Pemberley, Darcy and Elizabeth have been married six years when "their peace is threatened and old sins and misunderstandings are rekindled on the eve of the annual autumn ball". Up rocks Lydia Wickham to announce that her no-good husband has been murdered.

Death sentence

I'll reserve judgement until I get to the end, but at least James begins well. Her opening sentence has enough of the cadence of the original to please the devoted Austen fan without straying into burlesque: "It was generally agreed by the female residents of Meryton that Mr and Mrs Bennet of Longbourn had been fortunate in the disposal in marriage of four of their five daughters."

If only the same could be said of Seth Grahame-Smith's effort, Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. This was received with hysterical acclaim on its publication in 2009, leading to sequels, spin-offs and whispers about a film adaptation. (Blank-eyed, unthinking, inhuman characters, you say? Finally, a Pride and Prejudice film Keira Knightley will be good in!) It had a spirited go at the first line - "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a zombie in possession of brains must be in want of more brains" - but honestly, inserting your own prose next to Jane Austen's is only going to make one of you look bad. "What an excellent father you have, girls!" Mrs Bennet tells her zombie-hunting daughters. "Such joys are scarce since the good Lord saw fit to shut the gates of Hell and doom the dead to walk among us!"

The ultimate liberty taken with Lizzie, however, must be in Mitzi Szereto's Pride and Prejudice: Hidden Lusts, which describes itself as a "reimagined red-hot Regency romance". I don't want to steam up your magazine by quoting from it, but suffice it to say that it's the type of erotic novel that uses the word "manhood". I'm extremely proud to be prejudiced against it.

P D James's "Death Comes to Pemberley" is published by Faber & Faber (£18.99)

31 comments

Gideon Polya's picture

From a modernist and feminist perspective "Pride and Prejudice" is arguably the best of Jane Austen's novels because of the self-possession and wit of the deliciously articulate Lizzie living in a world in which women were at enormous disadvantage.

However a further fundamental message of P&P derives from the disaster arising because of Lizzie and Jane failing to reveal cad Wickham's misdeeds i.e. history ignored yields history repeated.

Thus British academic historians have whitewashed British colonial atrocities out of history, most recently and most notoriously the 1942-1945 WW2 Bengali Holocaust in which the British (with White Australian complicity) deliberately starved 6-7 million Indians to death (see my book "Jane Austen and the Black Hole of British History": http://janeaustenand.blogspot.com/2008/09/jane-austen-and-black-hole-of-... ).

In the late 20th and 21st century Britain has been involved in an Iraqi Holocaust and Iraqi Genocide in 1990-2011 (4.6 million war-related deaths, 2.0 million under-5 infant deaths, 5-6 million refugees), an Afghan Holocaust and Afghan Genocide in 2011-2011 (5.6 million war-related deaths, 2,9 million under-5 infant deaths, 3-4 million refugees) and in 2011 a Libyan Genocide (50,000 dead, 50,000 wounded, ethnic cleansing applied to Black Libyans and 1.1 million refugees including 1 million sub-Saharan African refugees)(see "Muslim Holocaust, Muslim Genocide": http://sites.google.com/site/muslimholocaustmuslimgenocide/ ).

Britain's crimes today under Blair, Brown and Cameron match those of Jane Austen's connection Warren Hastings, the out-of-wedlock father of her cousin and sister-in-law Eliza Hancock (the model for Mary Crawford in "Mansfield Park") and impeached for immense crimes against humanity in India after the British-caused 1769-1770 Bengal Famine that killed 10 million Bengalis. History ignored yields history repeated.

swatantra's picture

The best modern adaptation of Austin's 'Emma' was 'Clueless'.
But I'm against what PD James is doing; adaptations are one thing but sequels are an entirely different kettle of fish.

earlydawn's picture

OTOH Graham-Smith at least had a faintly original idea - it's almost convincing enough to make you believe that it was only later editing that removed the extra text; although I grant you that his additions are hardly brilliant prose, they are fun and that's surely the point?

I agree with you that it is extraordinary how obsessed people get with fiddling with Austen though. Maybe it's because she is so effortless that everyone thinks it ought to be easy? Messing with Shakespeare is much harder work.

Ian5's picture

Poyla you are a complete arse, if any nation is "responsible" for the Bengali famine" its Japan, their invasion of Burma cut off the rice supply. Bengal was always reliant on this for its food supply. Oh but you know this already, and of course just don't like the facts. blame Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose maybe for colluding with the Japanese.

swatantra's picture

The Bengal Famine was a matter of fact, and the finger of suspicion definitely points to London, and not elsewhere. And yet again the British authorities have tried to bury the truth. Satyajit Ray made a very moving film about the famine.
Dotted through Austen's novels are instances of colonial rapacity, whether its the plantations in the West Indies or India. The uncofortable truth really needs to be told and I don't think Jane was too happy with what was going on in the name of Empire.

swatantra's picture

... and lets not mention that it was the British that set up the first concentration camps in colonial S Africa.
But I didn't agree with Pinter that Bush and Blair be put up in a Show Trial on War Crimes charges.
We know what that entails with Milosovic and Saddam and even going back to Nuremberg. The verdict would be a forgone conclusion Show Trials achieve very little, and nobody in fact wins, not the victims, nor the victors.
And leave Victoria with her memories and her conscience for eternity hereafter.

Ian5's picture

I find it strange that an NS columnist would admit to having this work as their favourite. After all there is little difference between the world portrayed in it, and the forced marriage systems found in some societies today frowned upon by all right thinking lefties. PS Re: KK, oh so bitchy, honestly Helen.

Ian5's picture

Helen, have to admit I only survived possibly two thirds of the novel, and zero of any screen adaptation. Really not my cup of tea. Is the fairy tale element that she married for love? What I did read could be transposed to modern caste ridden India. Agree with you on Atonement, had all the elements but none of the chemistry. Much too chique chick flic .

Ian5's picture

On yes, the first concentration camps...hum, no the Egyptians got there before us, well that what the religious looms would have us believe. what 3000 + plus years ago. A whole race subjected to slave labour and imprisoned. sounds like one to me.
Its bloody words, no crematoria in SA, no mass murder of Boers ,

Just as ridiculous as saying Jack the Ripper was the first serial killer...total nonsense.

Jon's picture

I'm guessing you won't be reading this one either, then: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Mrs-Darcy-Versus-Aliens-Proxima/dp/1907773134/ (mind you, count those nine 5-star reviews).

Then again, I have problems with PD James too. But for different reasons: http://meandmybigmouth.typepad.com/scottpack/2011/10/guest-blogger-jonat...

Gideon Polya's picture

I agree, swatantra. Jane Austen was an utterly truthful writer and though her significant characters were confined to the top few percent of British society living in their fine homes, the Empire that helped fund these lifestyles is necessarily mentioned in her novels e.g. the French wars (Pride and Prejudice, Persuasion, the unfinished novel The Watsons), slave plantations (Emma, Mansfield Park) and the East India Company (Northanger Abbey, Sense and Sensibility, the unfinished Catherine or The Bower).

Indeed Sense and Sensibility and the unfinished Catherine or The Bower both tell, with characters disguised, the story of Jane Austen's aunt Philadelphia Austen going out to India and making an unproductive marriage. S&S picks up the story with numerous parallels between Colonel Brandon(quasi anagram for nabob) and Warren Hastings, the affair of Brandon/Hastings with Eliza I/Philadelphia leading to the birth if Eliza II/Eliza Hancock (Jane Austen's cousin). In the end Brandon takes Marianne as wife back to Delaford just as Warren Hastings took his last wife Marian back to Daylesford (for accounts see "Jane Austen and the Black Hole of British History" : http://janeaustenand.blogspot.com/ and my contribution to the anthology "Jane Austen Antipodean Views", edited by Susannah Fullerton and Anne Harbers).

I was introduced to Jane Austen by a dear Indian friend who explained that the "mohr" of the East Indies in Jane Austen's "Indian" novel S&S was exampled by my friend's British gold sovereign necklace. The brilliant Satyajit Ray movie "Distant Thunder" introduced me to the "forgotten" man-made WW2 Bengal Famine (it concludes with text referring to 5 million Bengali famine deaths).

However it was Henry Tilney's castigation of Catherine Morland in Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey that solidified an indignant interest in English holocaust commission and holocaust denial (e.g. they ethnically cleansed my Western Highland Scots forebears in Jane Austen's lifetime) : "Remember that we are English, that we are Christians ... Does our education prepare us for such atrocities? Could they be perpetrated without being known , in a country like this, where social and literary intercourse is on such a footing , where every man is surrounded by a neighborhood of voluntary spies , and where roads and newspapers lay everything open?" YES!!!

fdfdfd's picture

@Ian

But the point of Pride and Prejudice is that it's a fairytale - Elizabeth marries for love, without making any compromises of her identity. Very rare for an 18th/early 19th century heroine.

And yes, probably a bit harsh on Keira (who is great in Atonement, by the same director). But I believe that film is an abomination!

Ian5's picture

What rubbish, would love to have have seen Gandhi deal with the Japanese (or Mr Hitler or Stalin) Firstly Churchill controlled the climate? Then he prevented the movement of rice from Burma the traditional source of supply in times of low harvest in Bengal.

mr Gandhi was no angel, strange how we forget what we want to forget.

And JA's work just shows life as it was with a slant her own bias. Just like modern day India, caste systems, corruption through the entire system . I see the similarities.

Gideon Polya's picture

Readers of this thread: as Jane Austen herself might have said, ad hominem abuse is no substitute for sensible interlocution and is obnoxious, the more so when incorrect, scatological and made with the courage of anonymity.

That the British Government remorselessly starved 6-7 million Indians to death in 1942-1945 is revealed by "Prosperity and Misery in Modern Bengal: the Famine of 1943-1944" by Paul Greenough; "Jane Austen and the Black Hole of British History. Colonial rapacity, Holocaust Denial and the Crisis in Biological Sustainability" by Gideon Polya; "Three Famines " by Tom Keneally; "Churchill's Secret War. The Brtish Empire and the Ravaging of India during World War II" by Madhusree Mukerjee; Colin Mason "A Short History of Asia. Stone Age top 2000AD"; P. Moon (editor)"Wavell. The Viceroy's Journal"; and "Bengal Famine" a 2008 BBC broadcast involving myself, Economics Nobel Laureate Professor Amartya Sen, medical historian Dr Sanjoy Bhattacharya and other scholars: scholars (see: http://www.open2.net/thingsweforgot/bengalfamine_programme.html ).

The Japanese and Indian nationalist leader Subhas Chandra Bose offered 100,000 tonnes of rice and the Canadians offered 10,000 tonnes of wheat - offers rejected by Churchill who ordered White Australia to withhold supplies from its huge wheat stockpile (see "Bengal Famine. How Australia & UK killed 6-7 million Indians in WW2": http://mwcnews.net/focus/editorial/13742-bengal-famine.html).

The Argentinians burned 2 million tonnes of wheat in their locomotives in WW2, there being a shortage of coal. Today the US, UK and EU food for fuel biofuel perversion is driving up grain prices and driving millions into hunger and starvation (Biofuel Genocide": http://sites.google.com/site/biofuelgenocide/).

In 1774 a Jane Austen connection Phillip Stanhope arrived in India and was presented to Warren Hastings by Jane Austen's uncle Tysoe Hancock (who Hastings productively cuckolded, this yielding Jane Austen's cousin Eliza nee Hancock, later De Feuillade and finally Austen through marriage to Jane Austen's brother Henry, consanguinity being common for Jane Austen's relatives and indeed her fictional characters). Stanhope was shipwrecked off the Bengal coast in 1775 (5 years after the 1769-1770 famine) but made it to shore and on his way to passed through what is now densely populated country that then was "utterly destitute of cultivation" due to the British-imposed famine. History ignored, denied or obfuscated yields history repeated.

Ian5's picture

Please,the poor Mr Gandi, with his very privileged upbringing... did he stay and fight the system in SA, no he got out when things got hot. Did he collude with the Japanese, thereby in all likely hood sabotage the rice resupply situation in India.. He was no angel. Yes we have corruption here, but nothing on the scale of "missing" PDS rice or certain telecom problems. we even send a few to jail. Oh Mandela, the bomber you mean...Gandhi would have disappeared in days under any other regime and the masses would have been leaderless.

Ian5's picture

British-imposed famine !!!!, take your meds. Your considered a sad deluded individual in your own field, no need to prove it here.

Mr. Divine's picture

I agree with you Helen.

swatantra's picture

In fact Gandhi developed his tactics of civil disobedience dealing with authoritarian regimes in S Africa having to deal with Smuts and the hard nosed Boers who probably had the same mentality as the Nazis. And he succeeded to some extent before returning to India. If India had been invaded by the Huns say for the sake of argument, Hitler and the Nazis would have had the whole subcontinent against them and there would have been sabotage and guerilla warfare of the sort waged by Mandela, so much so that the Nazis would have quit India at the first opportunity.
But as it happened the more enightened British thankfully had colonsed India and not the Germans, so there was a more peaceful exit for the colonisers.
For the caste system, read the class system that is entrenched in Britain with its monarchy and aristocracy to this day. And haven't the Select Committees been looking into corruption just recently through all strata of society including MPs themselves. So no change from a euro there then.

Buckskins's picture

Ian the British Empire is responsible for more torture,theft,and outright murder than Pol Pot, Hitler, and Stalin combined. You are typical of those Brits that figure "Tha Empiah" was some sort of benevolent institution bringing enlightenment to the great unwashed. You obviously don't even know your own history. As recently as the 1950's thousands of Kenyans were starved and tortured to death.

Steve's picture

Thank you very much Helen for your help. I appreciate you allowing me to express myself. It's far from over. There is plenty of work to be done. The ball is scrolling.

I've been playing table tennis once a week and the next day I go swimming .. well sort of stretches in the water like ballet using a long float pipe. For breakfast recently I've switched to crackers and tinned fish and lettuce. I've stopped drinking coffee .. now herbal stuff. I like my liquorice tea and chamosmilie tea. Feel a lot fitter and calmer.

Looking forward to seeing you one day. Once again thanks and a song will be next. It's not farewell .. ah you wish!

Mr. Divine's picture

Thank you very very much Helen.

I spent the first three years in Aintree Lane right next to the racecourse. What's the Aintree Iron?

Again thank you very much Helen.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjnkmNyArNg

Mr. Divine's picture

I bet you're feeling in the pink now. Have you had a cup of Tea? Did you put something special in that Tea?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2x8D4T--0v4

Mr. Divine's picture

Us scousers!

Mr. Divine's picture

And you thought Houdini had a few tricks up his sleeve.

Mr. Divine's picture

Have you got any of that Black Forest Gateau? Cut a piece put it to the screen and I'll reach out and get it. What you don't believe me? Look if you haven't the gateau a bicky will do. I'm feeling a bit peckish. I'll be hanging around I'll be able to see it and get it. Put it near the screen. And wait and watch in wonder.

Mr. Divine's picture

You'll have to put it a bit closer I can't quite reach.

Mr. Divine's picture

I wanted a chocolate one.

Mr. Divine's picture

Have you got any chocolate ones? No ...well maybe some other time.

Mr. Divine's picture

I'm just messin with you Helen. How the hell am I supposed to do that! I'm on the other side of the world. My arms are quite long but they're not that long. Besides I can't get my fingers through the wiring. I've got these stubbly fingers you see. Can you see them? i'll put them next to the screen. Look closely. You've got good eyesight.

See ya

Gideon Polya's picture

Buckskins is dead right with dead being the operative word.Thus avoidable deaths from deprivation in 1950-2005 in countries occupied by the British in the post-WW2 era totalled 727 million. Avoidable deaths from British-imposed deprivation in India under the British totaled 1,800 million in the period 1757-1947. The English were involved in genocide in North America, South America, Africa , Asia, Australasia and indeed in Celtic Britain in the 19th century (see "Body Count. Global avoidable mortality since 1950": http://globalbodycount.blogspot.com/2007/06/body-count-global-avoidable-... ).

Jane Austen had family members intimately involved in the genocidal operations of the British Empire in the Americas, the Mediterranean, India, China, Burma, New Zealand. Indeed, Warren Hastings, the out-of-wedlock father of Jane Austen's cousin Eliza and the most important of the Austen family "connections", was the only important British figure to have been put on trial for "war crimes" in 1,000 years of genocidal English imperialism (he was acquitted but the decision cost him a lot of his ill-gained wealth).

Warren Hastings was outdone by Queen Victoria, under whom about 500 million Indians alone died avoidably from British-imposed violence and deprivation. 10 million Indians were butchered in the 10 years after 1857 as reprisals for the Indian Rebellion in which 2,000 British Occupiers were killed (see Amaresh Misra's "War of Civilizations. India AD 1857" : http://warofcivilisations.blogspot.com/ ).

Jane Austen's fellow British literary giant, 2005 Literature Nobel laureate Harold Pinter, in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech called for the arraignment of Blair and Bush before the International Criminal Court, stating "How many people do you have to kill before you qualify to be described as a mass murderer? One hundred thousand? More than enough I would have thought" (see: http://www.countercurrents.org/arts-pinter081205.htm )(NB the estimated Iraq war-related death toll has now climbed to 4.6 million, 1990-2011).

Five hundred million? More than enough I would have thought for a posthumous war crimes trial for Queen Victoria.

Mr. Divine's picture

Been thinking about Alan. I kind of seeing him drawing furiously. Perhaps a pill to calm him down. There's no rush. You can go into overdrive and come off the rails. take him out for a walk or something.

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