Helen Lewis

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Could video games inform education policy?

Games' fundamental principles -- such as rewarding success, removing the sting from failure -- could

How do you mime ringing a doorbell? Go on, it's not a trick (although I'll let you off if you're reading this on public transport). Did you -- as I and every adult I know did -- reach out your index finger in the hope of eliciting an imaginary ding-dong? It seems as natural as men wearing trousers, or cooking a steak before eating it. But ask a child and he or she might reach out for that phantom button . . . with a thumb. Years of texting, or playing handheld game consoles, you see.

That rather unscientific example shows once again that many of the things we regard as "natural" and immutable are, in reality, culturally contingent. It also demonstrates how easily our brains react to a change in stimulus, effortlessly adapting to a changing world. It's what has made humans so successful.

Which brings me to computer games. Read the popular press and you might think that they're frying children's brains, rendering them drooling imbeciles bent on murderous destruction. That's tosh. For a start, according to the Entertainment Software Rating Board, only 5 per cent of games released last year had a "mature" rating (for sex, drugs or violence). And does it matter that western children spend so much time in front of screens? Are we afraid it will leave them ill-equipped for their future lives as hunter-gatherers, chimney sweeps or nomadic goatherds?

Once we've got over the idea that games are a menace to society, perhaps we can have a proper conversation about how to make them work for us. One of the current buzzwords in nerdy circles is "gamification", where games' fundamental principles -- such as rewarding success, removing the sting from failure -- are applied to other pastimes. Yes, there is a dark side to such incentivisation: who hasn't bought two of a product they rarely use just because it was on special offer? But that's no reason not to harness these ideas for good: for example, in education policy.

Thumbs up

What would a "gameful" school look like? No need to imagine, because one exists already. It's called Quest to Learn, it's in New York and it caters for pupils aged 11 to 18 (its website is at q2l.org). Instead of taking tests that brand them a success or failure based on a single performance, its students continually "level-up" by accruing points. They are also encouraged to tackle tasks as a group, sharing out roles such as explorer, historian and writer.

Peter Hyman, a No 10-strategist-turned-teacher, wrote in this magazine this year that we are "educating children for the middle of the 20th century, not the start of the 21st". It's true -- who needs to learn dates by rote, when they're just a google away? Who needs to slave away on their cursive script, when touch-typing is a far more useful skill? And why do we assume that fun and learning must be mutually exclusive?

Like it or not, most children find their Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable or mobile phone an irresistible draw. So, instead of regarding games as a distraction from more serious fare, how about trying to combine the two? Even if you can't give your child a gameful education, you can at least encourage them to play educational games. And it'll put those hyper-developed thumbs to good use.

Five educational games:

1. BBC Schools -- a range of game, searchable by age range and category.

2. The map game -- think you know where Azerbaijan is? This drag and drop puzzle will show up the gaps in your geography knowledge.

3. Food Force -- billed as the "first humanitarian videogame", it's a simulator from the World Food Programme.

4. Selene -- a NASA-funded game to teach you about the moon.

5. Global Conflicts -- an award-winning game about war, designed for use by teachers (£).

37 comments

anon-y-mouse's picture

Hi Helen et al. Check out Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card. We need to educate our kids for the future for sure.

Mejoff's picture

My inlaws (bigshot linguists)inform me, however, that Chomsky is an idiot linguist!

Robert's picture

You left out the Khan academy from your list. i know it's an american site following their systems but it is revolutionizing online learning for school kids by letting kids learn at their own pace, tracking their progress and rewarding points based on completing modules.
http://www.khanacademy.org/

yuccaplant's picture

To the mass media and most political types,games are the devil..

The very embodiment of everything that's wrong with the world today.

It's utter claptrap of course but it's always the same seemingly every time there's a mere slither of bad news.

tech-nomad's picture

http://freerice.com/ also from the world food programme, it's a vocab game where every right answer donates 10 grains of rice to the world food programme. It's quite distracting though...

Dorian's picture

I think schools need to be more democratic, people should not have to be coerced into learning. Teachers should not be a symbol of authority, rather a fellow traveller. I think once this is in place then we can really begin to talk about the details.

The problem with the whole of education is the emphasis on 'letters', I would much prefer to see a more socratic method in schools. Our education system like the rest of society just perpetuates inequality.

Mr. Divine's picture

Daniele, I think Helen is saying that certain computer games can be more useful than what kids are currently doing. You can't argue with that. And these games aren't necessarily instant gratification devices but of value to the child because of what they learn when they doing the game. In particular she points out that certain concepts in computer games, for instance where there is no losing only accumulating, are very valuable.

I don't know if the future will see us all frolicking in green grass with tattooed French nymphets but it appears quite a few will be using computers in their workplaces.

Mr. Divine's picture

He's an idiot philosopher as well.

Natacha Kennedy's picture

As a teacher who has used computer games to successfully teach children to im[prove their writing, I can attest to the power of computer games to help children learn.

However, the sort of learning involved in the type of computer games advocated in this article is little more than rote learning dressed up with an element of competition. Children need to learn creatively and to be creative. This is just old ways of learning dressed up in new clothing.

When I used computer games to teach writing, it involved a lot of pair work, group work and imaginitive writing, it empowered the children rather than simply steering them through a predetermined route, and it enabled them to be successful in their own terms rather than on someone else's. It also required a great deal of teacher input and intervention, but was spectacularly successful.

If you want to see how computer games can REALLY be used to teach, rather than as simple behaviourist rote, which is controlled, pre-programmed and totally uncreative, then go to;

www.tinrylands.com

This is learning which is social, creative and empowering, unlike the examples shown under the article

Natacha Kennedy's picture

Oooops that should read

www.timrylands.com

Mr. Divine's picture

Dorian, I'm surprised that you had any respect for me in the first place for it to be lost. Now that I have found that you did have I'm determined to regain it! Respect by peers .. who the hell are you talking about? Some academics? Some academics don't have respect.

Alf Ford, the chairman of a workers syndicate, said, "Everyone wanted to be the boss. Nobody wanted to do the dirty work'

Chomsky's workers coops .. give me a break. It shows you just how impractical and unwordly wise some academics are. No idea what people are like. No practical experience of work outside education. They just look at it from the outside. Read Alf Ford's, 'Corrugated Gold' to wake yourself up from anarcho-syndicalism. He tells you what happens when the workers take over ... everyone wants to be the boss. Respect for the right people.

fdfdfd's picture

@ Natacha Kennedy

Thanks for the comment - of course, my five picks weren't anything like an exhaustive list, just a few examples to give a flavour.

If anyone else else knows other good educational games, do post them here. I'll investigate and hopefully do a follow-up post.

Mr. Divine's picture

I'm continuing this piss take of Chomsky and his sneaky quiet ways on the Penny Red Beyonce article. Why not follow me Dorian seeing as he's a hero of yours?

Chomsky knows jack shit. He's another bookworm with his nose superglued in a book. Get outside you dickhead Chomsky.

I bet this is the last of you Dorian. No way you'll come after me shitting on yer hero.

JimmyRushmore's picture

It's not specifically an educational game but the Total War series of real time strategy are great for getting kids interested in ancient and medieval history

Daniele1's picture

How old are you Dorian ?15?
This kind of school have been tried in the 60's.. and they have failed.
A child needs boundaries and told how he is expected to behave by the community.He also needs to be taught what he needs to know to function in that community. He needs clear directions and role models he can look up to.The rest is just utopic tosh I'm afraid.

Daniele1's picture

Divine:
"frolicking in green grass with tattooed French nymphets"What a vision!
I wonder why "French"? Surely any nationality will do?
Yes sure they will be using computers but that sure as hell wont be playing games. Work with computers can be as boring and frustrating as any other work.And yes I am not against using computer educational games occasionally but not as a norm for the reasons I stated before.

Mr. Divine's picture

Dorian, Got to agree with non-nymphetic Daniele on this one. The Socratic approach is already in evidence in many classrooms, the main question being, 'why the fuck do we have to do this crap?'

Mr. Divine's picture

Daniel, the people in the communal housing project will continue with their normal jobs but because the cost of housing, electricity, food, internet, white goods will be vastly cheaper they will be able to save and invest. When you start investing you can start making money which will enable you to have enough money to remove yourself from the work force and welfare. In other words to be free from doing things that you don't want to do.

The system does provide the opportunity to be free but it requires a little tweaking. It's hard to it do individually but groups have great advantages.

Mr. Divine's picture

Actually I agree with your reservations about too much computer games in schools. I would like to see more hands on education in schools like agricultural and 'home handy' studies.

I think Germany and Japan are leading the world in some respects due to their recycling and emphasis on alternative energy. Germany will be nuclear power free by about 2022. The future is in this direction so schools should be educating kids in this area.

Aren't you French Daniele?

fdfdfd's picture

@ Jimmy Rushmore

Funnily enough, a well-placed source once told me that several Tory ministers enjoy playing Rome: Total War "with their kids".

Daniele1's picture

What worries me more than slightly with that kind of approach to education is the emphasis on FUN FUN FUN.What happens when those kids get confronted with some hard work which just needs to get done like hard studying for exams or boring tasks as in..a job.
How are we preparing our kids for the real, hard and often boring world of work and life in general when every learning activity is fun. I am not against the occasional game or fun presentation but if that's all they get, their expectations will be raised and they will switch off anything challenging or boring. What then? How does that approach teach them discipline, determination and , let's say it "work ethics".
At the moment in schools the work ethic has all but disappeared as kids are reluctant to do anything which isn't presenting an immediate reward of FUN. This is a problem. So what you propose to solve this problem is to give the kids what they like and ignore the problem.
Like the mother who has given up trying to feed vegetables to her kids and give them chocolate and declare the problem solved.
I worry about what kind of people you will be creating with this kind of education.If you "remove the sting of failure" as you say for example, how is the kid going to learn how to avoid failure? What does it teach him? Failure is OK?
I am aware that many people will be dismissing me as a dinosaur.But what if I am right?

Dorian's picture

I don't think my education system could really work within a capitalist framework, I do not believe that children need to be coerced to want to learn. There is an excellent book by Chomsky called 'On Education', I think he gives excellent arguments for non-coercive education.

Daniele1's picture

Divine:
I am a Brit with French origin but I must tell you that I am no tattooed nymphet.
i was surprised you liked the idea of computer games for education. It didn't fit in with your vision of a self sufficient back to basic society.

Mr. Divine's picture

Firstly, my vision of the future is to enable people to be free from the things they don't want to do. The things that enable people to that are multiple. one of the things, computers, are a great asset to humankind as they make things less wasteful and more efficient. As such computer games are also valuable as they enable children to understand the different forms of software.

Mejoff's picture

Interesting article. Have you watched this
http://www.escapistmagazine.com/videos/view/extra-credits/3167-Gamifying...
by any chance?

Mr. Divine's picture

Dorian, I don't look at society through Marxist's eyes. I don't think much of words like 'capitalism' 'imperialism' or 'socialism' or feudalism: they are all too vague and not accurate to describe the world.

I think 'Marxism' a simpleton's way at looking at history and the 'construct' of society. people are looking for an answer and Marxism provides a simple idea that they can understand for them to believe in.

I don't think much of Chomsky, and I've studied him in Politics and Linguistics courses. To me he's another academic with his head in the clouds.

I realise that being an anarcho-syndicalist you like some of Chomsky's ideas, but the thing about him is that he is first and foremost a linguistic scholar. If you study linguistics you'll find that the study is one of 'systems'. Phonology is the classic one. Marx also tried to 'find' systems in human behaviour. And that's where the vagueness and impracticality comes from.

While there be patterns I tend to favour people like Michael Oakshott when it comes to understanding history and society .. and to Hegel to a certain extent. We are trapped to some extent by the hand we are given BUT how we play our hand allows us to break free. It is a matter of questioning but also one of taking a risk.

Of course children may learn in non-coercive ways but they can also learn via coercive methods. Neither one is better than the other one. A mix of the two is probably the most ideal.

Dorian's picture

Hardly, it's just made me lost respect for you, not that you'll care. I just place those that are against Chomsky in the 'idiot' box in my mind.

He is widely regarded as an excellent linguist and philosopher by his peers. I don't really care about the opinions of the select few who do not understand him.

JohnA's picture

Just been using Medieval total war 2 to teach my year 7s about Castles and their uses, most people have dismissed my efforts as just "a way of dossing off a lesson" - my year 7s can now tell you the key differences between castle types and identify their relative strengths and weaknesses while at the same time going home telling people they have had an awesome history lesson - job done!

Dorian's picture

I try not to look through a Marxist's eyes either, I do however think Chomsky is an excellent philosopher and critic.

I mix maybe a good idea, but I really do think that the best learning is done off of your own motivation, not learning so you can have a piece of paper at the end and some letters after your name. I think the fundementals of education need to be debated and changed before we talk about specifics.

Mr. Divine's picture

Secondly, my ecological group of 15 households with houses priced at 35,000 quid will enable people to be mortgage free very quickly. And have cheap food, white goods, and energy.

In other words people will have the ability to save lots of money and reap the compound dividends of their savings. An average worker could easily 'retire' from the 'need' to work within 15 years.

Like I said, people want to be free from the need to do things that they don't want to do.

Is this the basics?

Mr. Divine's picture

@Daniele;
'But what if I am right?'
Then pigs would fly.

Seriously you do have a point. A lot of work is very dreary and it lasts for hours on end. If school is a preparation for life then paying games on the computer all day is probably not the best way to prepare kids. But that's assuming that life is going to involve dreary work and that school is a preparation for work.

Daniele1's picture

Divine:
I wasn't aware that we were about to enter a era of utopia when people no longer need to do dreary work but can spend their days holding hands and dancing through green fields.But maybe you know something I don't.

Daniele1's picture

Going back to the article. What the author advocates is in fact to get our kids addicted to instant gratification (which a lot of them already are). There is enough of that already in their spare time, now if they get the same fix at school, I can't help thinking this society will soon hit a wall.
I read an article recently from a university professor of English who advocated the study of very short books or just short stories as opposed to long boring classics like Dickens or Thomas Hardy because...our students nowadays are busy with other things like U-tube, Face-book etc.. and have no time to read..Students of English literature..What next?medical students not having to learnt all this stuff about the human body because it's hard and boring, doctors could just Google your symptoms and see what comes up?

Mr. Divine's picture

Thirdly, the basics are fire, earth, air and water. Wrap yourself in these and you'll feel the world.

Sean Hamill's picture

rommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeee total war

fdfdfd's picture

@Mejoff

Yes I have - Extra Credits is always worth watching. There's a section on Quest to Learn in Jane McGonigal's Reality Is Broken which is also worth a look.

Natacha Kennedy's picture

Actually a really really radical way to inform education policy would be to have TEACHERS and other EDUCATION PROFESSIONALS contribute to policymaking.

That way, instead of MPs, who think they know everything about education because they have been to Eton or some posh grammar school, telling teachers what to do, and invariably getting it wrong, teachers can tell the government what children need.

I know this is way too radical an idea ever to be considered, however, everyone knows teachers are just drones, to be bossed about and told what to do by people who obviously know better.

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