Former No 10 adviser lambasts Osborne's misguided programme
Jonathan Portes adds his voice to the growing consensus of economic commentators who doubt the fisca
By David Blanchflower Published 12 March 2011 15:22On Friday, the Financial Times published a devastating critique of the government's misguided fiscal austerity programme from an important source. Last week, Mervyn King; this week, Jonathan Portes, who is the new director of the National Institute for Economic and Social Research (NIESR). He took over in February from Martin Weale, who became an external member of the MPC and one of the three inflation hawks.
What makes this intervention so important is that, until February, Portes was chief economist at the Cabinet Office and adviser to the cabinet secretary, Gus O'Donnell, and No 10 on economic and financial issues. Previously, Portes was chief economist at the Department for Work and Pensions. So he knows a thing or two.
Portes argued that, given that the revised GDP data for the fourth quarter showed that Britain's economy was, at best, flat, there is a "good case for delaying planned fiscal consolidation over the next year or two in the forthcoming Budget". He also argued strongly for more assistance for young people and the reintroduction of the Educational Maintenance Allowance.
Importantly, Portes dissented from Osborne's claim that changing the government's plans would be bad for confidence -- far from it. His view is that a change would likely be supportive. Portes also dismissed comparisons with countries such as Greece as being without foundation and called them "scaremongering".
One much-cited argument . . . that any change in the current plan would damage confidence in the economy is fundamentally flawed . . . Markets can, of course, be irrational. But there is neither a theoretical reason nor any empirical evidence to suggest that they are irrational in this particular way. Indeed, history suggests the opposite: that the real hit to credibility comes from sticking to unsustainable policies -- think Argentina in 2001 or Britain in 1992.
How would markets respond to a delay in fiscal consolidation? With borrowing cheap, debt default risks very low and a significant output gap there is essentially no evidence to believe that a short-term loosening would lead to markets losing confidence in the UK's ability to service its debts. To suggest otherwise -- to liken the UK to Greece -- is scaremongering. Indeed, some loosening, particularly if offset by a sensible adjustment to medium-term plans, could actually boost both growth and employment without any significant cost to inflation or longer-term fiscal sustainability . . . If Mr Osborne really wants to inspire confidence, he should think again.
Osborne is going to find it increasingly hard to claim that the world and his dog supports his economic strategy, when the Cabinet Office's former chief economist clearly does not share that view. And neither do the Nobel Prize-winners Krugman, Stiglitz and Pissarides, as well as a growing consensus of economic commentators, along with the majority of the British public. The time for turning is approaching.
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45 comments
@Matt
Nope, thought not.
@indu
"Its not picture playbook --- ."
Oh but it is picture playbook, your argument is taking the Keynesian idea of saving in the good times to the extreme. And basically saying since we have debt we can't borrow any more. Ignoring that at the time Keynes wrote and advocated his general theory the national debt was over 150% of GDP.
"it is having a very real and severe, often devistating, impact on millions of ordinary people"
Yes the overblown rhetoric of the coalition has already had a very damaging affect even before the cuts really take off.
"The impact of borrowing and higher taxes in order to increase public spending is to reallocate assets & resources from the private to the public sector."
So? If a service can be provided more efficiently by the public sector why shouldn't it be? Also, currently we aren't in a situation where the public sector is crowding out the private sector. If the government weren't spending to keep everything going nobody would.
"Its resulted in a bloated public sector and a decline under the last government in the private sector needed to pay for it."
Oh the joy of reading yet more canned quotes. The public sector under Labour was 43%, slightly more than inherited from Major but less than what it averaged under Thatcher, iirc. It wasn't until the Great Recession that shrunk the size of the economy overall that percentage size of the public sector relative to overall size increased.
"The treats that the public sector bring like nice public services result in funding consumer spending."
No, people having jobs, credit cards, rising house prices and generally living in a time of prosperity increases consumer spending. Unless they're German people obviously.
"Constraining the private sector by growing the public sector also increases net imports."
The private sector hasn't been constrained in the slightest. Over the past 13 years we've had a very open economy with little government intervention. During that time the money men decided to go into finance rather than manufacturing - its called the free market, why go to the bother of investing in expensive machinery, etc when you could just put the wonga into the city and let the masters of the universe pay you a fat yield.
"I am finding it easy to offshore to China where strong local tax incentives and a support culture are on offer to create local jobs."
Strange that advocates of Neo-Liberalism always pick on China as the economic model, it is one of the most controlled countries and economies in the world.
"Like it or not we are steadily being forced to be a more productive economy which means major efficiencies in the public sector just to stand still."
We aren't going to be a more productive economy through slashing public services. All that will do is magic up some phantom economic growth as private companies take over former public services.
You could obliterate the public sector and we'd never be able to compete with China. They have vast human and natural resources to draw on.
What consensus is being talked about - the only consensus is that labour spent all our money and the deficit needs to be reduced - as darling proposed to do - and osborne is going to do much the same - another desperate attempt to defend the indefensible - I bet the cabinet office gets better advive now this prat has left, to the left ?
Luddite
You can't spend what you no longer have and you can't borrow your way out of debt.
---------------------
I'm curious Luddite, as you believe you're writing to people who disagree, are you parroting that simplistic guff to convince or do you actually believe it?
Why do you think the government is trying to keep interest rates so low? Could it be that they want people to spend their way out of debt? Btw, you know that UK private sector debt is 250% the size of the economy(about 105% personal debt; 145% corporate and company debt) And yet the government wants us to spend our way out of debt?? Do you further know that public sector debt is 60% the size of the economy?
Private sector debt is rather larger isn't it? So why encourage more private sector debt?
If the private sector does not take on more debt, while public sector workers lose jobs; does that mean tax receipts fall just as welfare payments rise? Will that not lead to a greater deficit? Ask the Irish! they can answer that. It's yes.
We had better hope the private sector takes on more debt despite your warning not to spend your way out of debt. Do you disagree?
economics lesson, Luddite. The theory of deficit economics is simple. It believes that severe recessions hit confidence, and investment and private sector spending falls as people and businesses save for fear of trouble ahead.
That becomes self-fulfilling. Economic activity slumps further. So govt spending is meant to fill in, and spur private sector spending. That reduces the length of the recession, and as growth returns the deficit falls.
That policy if successful means you CAN spend your way out of debt; the Tory policy, if successful, means you CAN spend your way outta debt.
As another has noted above, governments do not accurately follow Keynes' methods for political reasons. But did not mention that Keynes is innocent in this recession, which if the fault of Hayek, Smith and Thatcher/Reagan. And New Labour embraced them. Hopefully, it is dead.
@Matt
"Strange how you don't have a problem with Luddite, why is that Mike555, do you also think it is a source of amusement that Gordon Brown only has sight in one eye?"
I've said I don't condone swearing or insults, you've directed so many at me I've lost count, so it's laughable you complaining about other posters behaviour.
Of course I don't find sight in one eye a source of amusement.
You can spend your way out of debt by creating inflation. But then you have a problem with inflation which wrecks business and in turn lowers government revenue. The other thing is that you're taking money via taxation from people to repay the interest on the debt. If this starts spinning out of control there comes a time when you have to either print more money (like what the US is doing) or borrow from the IMF. Either way it is not good.
Having said all that I don't know if the current spending cuts are 'needed'. What I do know is that Indu is right when he says government people spend money to win votes. They also spend money because it is not theirs - it is easy to spend other people's money. Also I know that government people waste other people's money .. big time. They do it for a number of reasons, not least to show off : think about local councillors, " I was responsible for the town hall extension.. it was my work, aren't I great?"
In short, government should cut back on taxing people, and let people keep their money so as they can spend it as they feel fit. I support the cuts on this basis.
Indu Pendent,
If you look at ONS statistics, Labour reduced borrowing from 42.5% of GDP in 1997 to 36.5% of GDP in 2007.
When the financial crisis hit, we (the taxpayer) were hit for £850 billion in supporting the failed banks. A recession ensued as the banks would not lend to each other or anyone much else. If the government had not kept borrowing, then recession would have turned to depression. Keynes would have approved at what the government did.
@Dave C
Labour borrowed £350Bn. Thats the open transparent clear amount of money - no statistics to hide it.
The Japan disaster is estimated at $115Bn so Labour ecomonic management cost the equivalent of 3 Japan disasters. But what did our kids get for it?
The political elite in Labour enjoyed a nice lifestyle during the last government whilst this was going on and were incentivised to do whatever was needed to retain power.
Now New Labour are no longer in government, Labour talks about being honest with the electorate and how the cut-backs by the coalition Government will hurt everyone even folks earning 50k. The plain truth is that the recession has left the incoming Government with little choice but to introduce painful but necessary cutbacks to deal with Labour's appalling deficit.
@Matt
"Strange how you don't have a problem with Luddite"
Until someone makes personal comments to me I'm not going to get involved. It is not up to me to police this forum and reprimand everyone who swears.
Steve, there will be no revolution, most fully understand the magnitude of the problem. You can't spend what you no longer have and you can't borrow your way out of debt. What would you have us do. Do nothing and hope for the best or leave the problem and debt reduction to future generations. Our generation created the problem, it's up to this generation to solve it.
It's increasingly becoming clearer and clearer that these cuts are not necessary in the extent, speed and scale with which they are being implemented.
Half of these 'cost efficient' cuts will cost far more than they save, never has a government introduced so many reports, consultations & legislation in such a short period of time; - they are a complete waste of time and only drawn up by those who stand to gain.
It's idealogically driven to suit only those that will profit; - these cuts are just a complete smokescreen for a government with a truly irresponsible social agenda.
The blame Labour excuse is merely being used as a dodgy passport to demolish the state.
@Chris
Whether or not we agree with the politics of China is irrelevant to the course of the world now. We have inheritied a weakened economy from the last government and are caught on the back foot.
Every day more British jobs and production flow offshore to BRIC especially China faster than people realise. UK is not the only country being eroded. It means that British businesses within our economy do not have a viable choice other than to compete. After the initial start up theres a lot less bureacracy involved in administering a Chinese business than a British one.
If there are public sector treats we can not afford, I dont see the issue as being whether the public or private sector can deliver them at lowest cost. The issue is how can we afford to continue carrying them as our competitors do not.
BTW: Its not true that employing someone in the Public sector creates wealth and boosts the economy - if so then we could shut down the private sector all together.
(Its also not true that growing the public sector increases the multiplier effect substantially because a significant share of the public sector expenditure leaks out of the economy buying imports rather than being fed back into the economy so the muliplier is being heavily attenuated).
@David Blanchflower
The motivation behind this looks to be Keynes -- managing the public sector to stablise the economy (cut spending when the economy booms so money is availble to spend when the economy faulters).
But I'd argue the Britian political system corrupts economic policy - political parties, especially Labour but also Tories and Libdems, use public money to win votes and power. It distorts their true intentions behind the rhetoric.
In its last term, Labour borrowed and spent over £350 Billion (the biggets natureal disaster ever cost just $100Bn) before the banking crisis started -- Labour grew the public sector and reallocated resources away from the private sector to saitisfy a section of the voting public.
You know this site already http://www.debtbombshell.com/
Office of National Statistics figures showing the raw government debt are useful. See the summary table M1:
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/maast0909.pdf
Government debt during Labour's term before adjusting for inflation and before the impact of the bank crisis show debt nearly doubling under the last government. To this needs to be added the increase of debt of individuals to assess the impact of the last government's effectiveness at managing the economy.
Government debt under the last government was:
1998 £410, 000, 000, 000
1999 £405 Bn
2000 £400 Bn
2001 £385 Bn
2002 £402 Bn
2003 £441 Bn
2004 £487 Bn
2005 £529 Bn
2006 £573 Bn
2007 £618 Bn
2008 £752 Bn
After 2008 government debt was boosted by the financial crisis - underwriting the accumulated liability for the government's guarenttee of the banks which steadily grew over the term of the last government. It means the above figures understate the true debt loaded on to the British.
Think of is like a mortgage that is not paid down. Instead, politication continually add to borrowing and use the money to buy votes of a sections of the population to gain power.
I'm sure the Labour insiders listening know what I mean. Labour borrowed under the Blair and Brown premierships but its difficult to see what the population got for the money: schools deliverying results falling below avarege international standards (but lots of new school buildings), growth in inequality of opportunities (but lots of students studying economically low value university courses), health care well below average for main economies (but vast amounts poured into NHS bureacracy and salary inflation), £Bns spent on Iraq etc
So...
What doesn't add up are supposedly Keynesian purists, from the left or right, who previoulsy supported Labour but who don't now push as hard as they can for changes in the party to eliminate the corrupting biases. Assuming they are purists that is.
Indu Pendent
"It's not true that employing someone in the Public sector creates wealth and boosts the economy - if so then we could shut down the private sector all together."
That's unlikely. As an illustration RBS and LLoyds are now in the public sector....
What if the public sector nationalises coal and steel production say? Hard to argue they do not create wealth?
Danny Blanchflower
I bet Luddite takes comfort from that comment Mike555, at least I know where your coming from now.
At least when you complain in the future, in know that the only person your concerned about, is yourself.
Every day more British jobs and production flow offshore to BRIC especially China faster than people realise. UK is not the only country being eroded. It means that British businesses within our economy do not have a viable choice other than to compete. After the initial start up theres a lot less bureacracy involved in administering a Chinese business than a British one.
http://www.diyhomeprojects.org/
Removing comments just shows the bankruptcy of the political-left.
Luddite. You keep on with that same old line 'you can't borrow your way out of debt' - you can and people often do. All businesses borrow, it's what you do with the money which determines how much you can make from it; - more often than not enough to repay the debt and make profit from it.
Look at Japan. Do you honestly think they are going to scrimp and save to rebuild all they have lost? Of course not, they will borrow to invest. If you listen to the economists they are saying Japan will make a good recovery because it will promote public spending. That's better and more resiliant housing, better defences and early warning systems. You can never prevent natural disasters but you can lessen there impact by proper investment. They are hardly going to wait around for the piggy banks to grow are they?
Nick the fundamentals never change. Good government is a must.. Labour failed the very people it represented, the hard-working. Labour failed to invest in what really mattered, manufacturing, even the tories fart-on about manufacturing, Why did Labour betray the working-class.
Fat chance.
:rolls eyes:
Luddite - can we get some facts and credible references to back up your wild assertions and rhetoric please.
You might like to start here: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nscl.asp?id=5871
Here on the left we tend to prefer informed debate rather than bigoted shouting.
Ask yourself who is the debt with?
Where did the money come from orginally to lone the UK 1 trillion pounds?
What is this continuing fear over our 'credit rating' since we are one of the largest economies, and 'old boy ' financial hubs in the world?
Its all a load of tosh, there is life beyond money after all money is'nt very tasty to eat!!!
viva le revolution Ghandi style!!!
I
Mr D: We haven't exchanged views in ages - I've been rather busy fighting the legal aid reforms!
Your point on cutting public spending and cutting back taxes....
All very well; - except you when you need an ambulance + medical treatment, the fire service, the police, the services to defend our nation, schools to educate your children, roads to drive on, rubbish which needs collecting, planning & building control services which should help ensure a decent landscape and properly built homes, people to exchange your letters, a welfare system for those in need of support, not to forget a decent justice system for those that need it.
Now pay for that lot out of your own own wages and your not going to have a lot of your 'tax free' earnings left are you?
I'm not saying saving can't be made -but please let's keep the frontline key frontline services.
I agree with David Blanchflower on most things economic and it is good news that Portes also 'sees the light!', but Liver's comment is probably the depressing truth.
Osborne will come to Parliament, armed with his long list of hawks, who are in his evil gang and also his tired declaration, that it is all Labour's fault, that he is having to be such a tosser!
@Livers
Luddite is all rhetoric and swearing.
@Matt
You seem to post little other than insults from what I can see. Still waiting for you to answer all those questions.
Indu Pendent,
Lets' look at the same table you cite, which presents net borrowing as a percentage of GDP. (Looking at debt in cash terms is less meaningful as it takes no account of the size of the economy.)
94/5 6.6% (net borrowing is 6.6% of GDP)
95/6 5.2%
96/7 3.9%
End of Tory government under Major
97/98 1.0%
98/99 -0.3%
99/2000 -1.2%
00/01 -1.5%
01/02 0.2%
02/03 2.4%
03/04 3.2%
04/05 3.4%
05/06 3.0%
06/07 2.6%
07/08 2.7%
Northern rock crashes during 07/08 financial year.
08/09 7.1%
Lloyds TSB, HBOS, RBS etc crash in 08/09 financial year.
So the lowest net borrowing Major achieved was 3.9%. Under Labour, net borrowing was lower in every year until the banks crashed.
Hello from the States. Do you know that along with the cuts here, extremely dangerous legislation is being pushed through? Provisions to essentially implement martial law, but it'll be corporate law - unbelievable stuff http://gocl.me/dW5vzz
So, reading your good article, I'm wondering whether similar pushes toward totalitarianism are quietly happening in the background in the UK, too.
And ang - you could change the names on this political cartoon & show it to those sad, sad brain-washees who continue to parrot "It's Labour's Fault!" http://i802.photobucket.com/albums/yy309/red_bridge/jm030411_COLOR_Econo...
I agree.
I doubt they will change their economic policies as of yet.
We need the masses to speak out!
personally i don't have faith in former no10 advisors or so called expert, as far back as 2003 there was plenty of "scaremongering" about the amount of debt and leverage building up in the economy with high house prices, this was ignored for political reasons.
an adjustment in house prices was avoided in 2008 only with near zero interest rates, printing money and even more government debt. this is has been the preferred remedy of western governments and will sow the seeds of the next financial crisis.
we will see either one of the euro countries defaulting in the near future either ireland, portugal or greece but when one falls it will be like a house of cards fallings (a chain reaction in this interconnected world - this will make the 2008 problems appear like a walk in the park).
in the meantime you won't see many people keen on government debt - the chinese have lost their appetite and the banks should stay away from it too - infact that is why you are seeing the price of gold increase too.
Since when have economists ever predicted anything correctly and since when has any consensus been correct?
ps. if Portes had any gumption, he would have resigned a long time ago.
@mike555
When I make fun of Gordon Brown having sight in one eye or use swear words on this website, I will listen to your lecturing.
Strange how you don't have a problem with Luddite, why is that Mike555, do you also think it is a source of amusement that Gordon Brown only has sight in one eye?
If Osborne doesn't I can see revolution on the horizon.
Thought you'd been chasing after helen-back
The problem for Labour is the working class no longer need the Labour party.
Sorry Nick all the frontline services have to go, yours first. Just kidding. For starters cut defence by 85%, that'll save heaps of money. What a waste it is to spend taxpayers money on fighter jets, navy ships and bullets. Where is the value in that govrnment expenditure?
Then there is all the useless university courses that are subsidised by taxpayers: get rid of all the history and English Literature courses for starters.
Stop all road building and improve the railways and bicycle paths instead. Stop individual housing projects and make all new housing be on ecologically sound communal principles.
At the moment one of the biggest problems is that the sense of community is being heavily eroded, and people are retreating into individual hives. And it'll only get worse.
The problem isn't one of wealth as everyone in the UK has enough, the problem is one of community and alienation. The problem lies in what the government is doing with other people's money.
@Indu Pendent
Those numbers are totally meaningless. You can only draw conclusions from the figures if you take size of the economy into account. You don't say somebodies £200k mortgage is unsustainable if they earn £100k.
"What doesn't add up are supposedly Keynesian purists"
Can we move beyond the picture playbook version of Keynesian economics. Brown made a judgement in 2002 that having reduced the national debt to an historically low level he would borrow money to spend on our dilapidated public sector. This is an investment that will provide economic and social benefits far in excess of the money borrowed for decades to come.
@Dave C
Your view is that Labour carried on borrowing and increased the national debt when the economy was growing quickly. You consider this was justified on the basis that the rate of borrowing was in line with GDP growth.
Sorry for teaching you to suck eggs, but Keynesians aim to balance the books over the economic cycle (which sounds suspicisiously Tory) - but after scaling the nations debts for GDP growth, Labour absolutely failed to control borrowing in order to balance the books over the cycle. On top of this, the banking crisis cristalised national liabilities for which Labour made no provision
When the economy was growing faster than trend then did the last government not contained spending to run a surplus?
I argue that whilst there might have been benign intentions among some of the top 100 important Labour party members (they are ones that have enough influence to matter), the key controlling mind of the party corrupted the policy. The corruption was largely driven by greed for power of self serving individuals and a failing of others going along with it rather than speaking out and reigning in the corruption.
If we can't learn from the how the last government functioned and mend the Labour party, history will repeat the next time Labour is elected.
Genuine Keynesians need to push a lot harder to give leadership in the party. Perhaps the those in control wont tolerate such renewal of thinking and see it as a threat to their power?
(Note I keep distiguishing between Labour and the last government as they are not necessarily the same thing)
@Matt
"At least when you complain in the future, in know that the only person your concerned about, is yourself."
Another bizarre conclusion, care to explain your logic with that one?
@Chis
Its not picture playbook --- it is having a very real and severe, often devistating, impact on millions of ordinary people.
The impact of borrowing and higher taxes in order to increase public spending is to reallocate assets & resources from the private to the public sector. Its resulted in a bloated public sector and a decline under the last government in the private sector needed to pay for it.
The treats that the public sector bring like nice public services result in funding consumer spending. It drives an increase in net imports. Constraining the private sector by growing the public sector also increases net imports.
We are in a world economy that is rapidly becoming more open. I am finding it easy to offshore to China where strong local tax incentives and a support culture are on offer to create local jobs.
Which exposes British workers to the competition of Chinese wage rates (about 1/6 of UK). Its already impacting on skilled employees up and beyond the graduate level. Like it or not we are steadily being forced to be a more productive economy which means major efficiencies in the public sector just to stand still.
Annie,
Cuts on the scale envisaged, are, arguably, not possible within the boundaries of the liberal, bourgeois, democtatic, system. Some form of totalitarianism is required - force. Exactly what's happening in the United States. Where cherished human and democratic rights are being systematically udnermined and trampled on.
One can only go so far with propaganda, trying to pursued people that thay have to pay for the economic crisis,whils the super-rich get off scott free and actually prosper as society's resources and wealth are transferred upwards.