The legal mythology of the extradition of Julian Assange
Why the “zombie facts” of Assange supporters are wrong.
By David Allen Green Published 03 September 2012 10:34
A poster about Julian Assange outside the Ecuadorian embassy. Photo: Getty Images
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141 comments
Actually the police outside the embassy are normal officers who have been removed from duties in neighborhood and response policing and one fixed post diplomatic officer who comes from the diplomatic protection group. Some extras turn up sometimes when there are cameras about but nothing special or exciting.
if you are not one of the cultist ,stop acting so equanimously about women getting raped , according to a woman’s accusation assange have consummated rape in her home ,this is serious far more serious than some hypothetical death sentence&guantanamo or a lable of political on some govt’ face because 1 there are no death sentence&guantanamo ever mentioned by us govt but the rape had been committed 2 every govt is Political there are politicians works for govt , and Being Political is not a sin . do you think theft&republish classified information is Political free ?
Can I have some of those crazy donuts you're smoking?
There is at the moment no country in the world (apart from Sweden) where not using contraceptives properly during sex (can also be a woman not taking the pill) is labeled "rape".
Woman 2 - Had many times consensual sex with Assange but wanted him to use a condom. When she found out in the morning he was not - she agreed the sex to continue, went out of the house to buy Assange breakfast, returned & walked him to the trainstation where she paid his train-ticket. She went to the police a couple of days later to try to make Assange get an HIV test.
She refused to sign her statement when the story went all over the papers as "rape" and the police told her that that is what they turned her accusation into. Anybody who has read and understood the pressure that was put on Monica Lewinsly in the Clinton situation should worry at this moment if "Woman 2" is safe from such pressure/blackmail now.
'There is at the moment no country in the world (apart from Sweden) where not using contraceptives properly during sex (can also be a woman not taking the pill) is labeled "rape".'
That is also the case in Sweden. The charge relating to the failure to use a condom is sexual molestation. The rape charge relates to initiating intercourse while the woman was asleep - which could very definitely also constitute rape under English law. See s.75(2)(d) of the Sexual Offences Act 2003.
By all means criticise the extradition proceedings or the political agenda behind it, but please, would Assange supporters stop misrepresenting the legal nature of what he is alleged to have done.
The whole thing is a mess and like A doesn"t appear 2 be going anywhere. Which is why I suggested A defend himself from the Ecudor Embassey to Sweden by video link. I think this is a special case. A, AA & SW should be treated equally. We have a recent history of people appearing in cases in the UK by video link. We desperately need need honesty and THE TRUTH and I post as someone with sympathy for WikiLeaks \Bradley Manning. Knowlege is power.
One of the surreal details of the case is that "Woman 1" gave her testimony to the police by telephone!!!! & that testimony is accepted.
this is going to be a normal sexual molestation case ,assange is going to be extradited to sweden ,what makes assange so special that he is above the rule of law ?just because he call himself whistleblower ? do you have any case to back you up with this Whistleblower above all theory ? i don't think you do , good luck with your knowledge
Two other, admittedly less likely but still real, possibilities are that either the US will lie to get Assange extradited even if faces the death penalty, or that the US will imprison him without trial despite their own law against doing so, as they have done to many others in the last 11 years.
No factual based story is gonna influenece any Assange Cultist. You should have just written the arrival of the Spaceship has been canceled and no one is coming to get the Leader - except the Police.
Sooner or later.
Great article, and I agree on the points discussed. But like Sandman above, the big doubt for me is simply that the allegations could have been fabricated to get Assange locked up in Sweden for a substantial spell.
"Assange is not required for mere questioning; he is required to surrender for interrogation before any charges can be made and prosecution brought."
Could be rewritten as:
Assange is not required for mere interrogation; he is required to surrender for questioning before any charges can be made and prosecution brought.
The only reason for the prosecutor to refuse to question Assange in the UK is ....... just because.
You gloss over the fact that a senior prosecutor reviewed the cases and considered no crime in the case of SW. She considered that an investigation should continue into molestation of AA.
It's not as simple as you make out.
The 'No extradition if death or torture involved' is a complete red herring.
They will charge him with something related to computer crime. They just might be able to find something that is copyright rather than (theoretically) public domain.
What if Assange went to Sweden with the UK issuing an EAW based on his jumping bail?
Would the EAW be guaranteed to take precedence over any US extradition or any move to "loan" Assange to the US?
As noble as this post is, the fact is that people of such deep faith are rarely swayed by logical arguments, both here, and in those other areas of life associated with unswerving belief.
They KNOW that he will be extradited to the US regardless of actual facts getting in the way of things.
They also KNOW that he couldn't possibly be responsible for any of the terrible things that he is supposed to have done, because he did that thing that they approved of.
/me does that thing with a finger spinning round my ear whilst whistling.
I think most people ""suspect"" not know, that extradition to the US is highly likely at some point in time.. as a supporter of Assange, and a avowed feminist, I have no doubt that what he is charged with, could very well be correct. It is fairly common practice, certainly in my experience, for a lover to wake in the morning with an ""intention" of continuing on from the previous night even if the other is half asleep. This applies to both men and women. If that is a crime in Sweden, god help them. And if that is terrible thing to you, god help you also.
yes, well, maybe in an established, long term relationship, then sure, boundaries have been set and you know one another enough to understand whether certain actions are acceptable. So sure, you may have a point in that particular circumstance. And to be even clearly, YOUR particular circumstance.
However, in this case, we're talking about a/ people who have just met - and if you can work out what a person does or doesn't like within 24 hours of meeting, then you're a much better judge of character than 99.9% of people in the world and b/ they're not you, and therefore maybe they don't quite think like you.
I think that's perfectly reasonable, isn't it?
It is so pleasing to read your article since you are concerned about the facts of the case and not dealing with the myths. Excellent read.
There were many remarkable statements by English solicitors about the case.
"Whatever 'sex by surprise' is, it's only a offense in Sweden -- not in the U.K. or the U.S. or even Ibiza. I feel as if I'm in a surreal Swedish movie being threatened by bizarre trolls."
The allegation of “sex by surprise” was a flat mischaracterization of the allegations in the EAW. There were many more remarkable statements and misrepresentations of fact. To me it is obvious that Assange's lawyers have tried to mislead the public and the courts from the beginning. I know of it first hand since I have worked with them.
There is one small error in your excellent piece that I think is of interest.
You write:
"Under cross-examination, it became clear that Assange’s own Swedish lawyer had misled the court and Assange's other witnesses over whether the Swedish prosecutor had been in contact to request interrogation before Assange left Sweden."
I was one of the other witnesses. I was the only witness that was not mislead. The reason I was not mislead was that I did not accept that the English lawyers wrote parts of my witness statement. In fact, prior to the hearing 7-8 February 2011, I know that the prosecutors had contacted the defense to arrange for an interview. In an article posted on my blog on 25 January, two weeks before the hearing, I wrote: "What happened when they [the police] tried to get Julian Assange around the 20th of September? Apparently they failed and he leaves the country." My post can be found at samtycke.nu/2011/01/25/maste-man-ljuga-for-att-bli-trodd/
You left out some important facts. Probably for some reason. It is a fact that Julian Assange has avoided interviews on three separate occasions. 28 September, 6 October and 14 October. When his lawyer informed the prosecutor on 12 October that he could not get in touch with his client, the lawyer was warned that if Julian Assange did not appear for an interview the prosecutor would issue an EAW. Julian Assange payed no attention even though he was advised by his Swedish lawyer to come in for an interview.
Lots of factual errors in your article. Just one example: contrary to what you write, Assange has never been questioned about the more serious allegations of rape and sexual molestation. You gloss over the fact that the investigation into these allegations was dropped, because the chief prosecutor found "no evidence of any criminal act" (her words) in the testimony of the two women.
.
That left only one count of "ofredande" ("annoyance", a very minor "catch-all" type charge, and not - as you claim - "sexual molestation").
.
Assange was interviewed about the "annoyance" allegation on 31 August 2010. At that point, no rape or sexual molestation investigation existed, and Assange was not questioned about these incidents. Hence, your assertion that the prosecutor "proceeded" with the investigation "following this interview" is misleading at best.
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The prosecutor didn't "proceed" at all, but the investigation was reopened by an entirely different prosecutor at the request of politician and lawyer Claes Borgström. The interview with Assange had absolutely nothing to do with it.
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There are many more such errors in your article, but that is all I have time for now. Hopefully it will be thoroughly picked apart by the many people who have been following the investigation closely here in Sweden, and who know the ins and outs far better than you do.
"sexuellt ofredande" translates as "sexual molestation", and it is the term used in the EAW - it could be an extreme form of 'sexual harassment' or also 'sexual violation'. It does not translate as 'sexual annoyance' in any case. And there is a big difference between 'ofredande' and 'sexuellt ofredande'. And the two counts (not one) are not 'very minor'.
Any Swedish-English dictionary will translate 'ofreda' as 'molest' as the prime meaning. Ofreda is almost exclusively used in legalese these days hence the confusion amongst many, even Swedes.
"Assange has never been questioned about the more serious allegations of rape and sexual molestation."
This is true. But isn't that because JA is hanging out at some embassy in London?
Yes, "sexuellt ofredande" translates as "sexual molestation", but that is NOT what he was accused of after the other charges had been dropped. The only allegation left was one count of "ofredande", an entirely different (and non-sexual) crime. This is clearly printed on the first page of the police records of the interview.
According to Ove Bring, professor emeritus of international law, who recently stated on Swedish Radio the prosecutor would probably have to drop the case against Assange once he has been questioned, since ”the evidence is not enough to charge him with a crime”.
Plainly the truth to this is that it was never about crimes to be answered, it is about allowing the US to get their hands on Assange. For it would be materially tricky for the UK to allow extradition to the US after having worked so hard on extracting from GITMO the UK citizens who were so called terror suspects.
Even assuming the case got off the ground, there are numerous issues of procedural process, of corrupted electronic evidence. Take for instance the issue that the Police co-interrogator on this case Irmeli Krans has been a personal friend of Ms AA since at least 2009, and she was also at the crayfish party Ms AA threw for Assange after the alleged assault. Ask why Ms. AA didnt go to her local Police Station but travelled some considerable distance to the station where Krans worked, when Krans was on shift.
But to directly answer your notion about Swedish-United states treaty under ECHR and EU law; it is meaningless if the US accuse him of 'material support for terrorism' (see the 'other Australian' case of David Hicks case) whereby they will use the power they have already used in Sweden 'Extraordinary rendition', making the need for extradition or permission of the UK unlikely.
Highlighted the al-Zari and Agiz aExtraordinary rendition cases, Sweden was berated for its recalcitrance in failing to comply with a detailed list of measures that would indicate compliance with that decision, including: granting monetary compensation; permitting a new application for asylum in Sweden; and legislative changes prohibiting the use of diplomatic assurances. To date, Sweden has failed to implement any of these recommendations. And the way is still open for Extraordinary rendition.
Of course, I'm sure you would be among the first to complain if Assange ended up in the US facility where according to the US Administration torture never takes place, Guantanamo Bay. And while your apology would be sweet, what would be said of the sub-judice behaviour of media identities improperly criminalising an as yet uncharged defendant before due process had even begun.
I think both David and Glenn have both got it wrong on the "last word" business .
Either the the courts or the government can prevent extradition, neither (on their own) can secure it. There is no, simple, "last word" to be had.
It is a minor point, but one that obscures a major issue: should the Swedish government issue a guarantee not to extradite?
Part of me wishes they would: it'd call any bluff on Assanges part. Most of me , though, wants Sweden to follow International Law and wonders what worth there would be in an apparently dishonest guarantee.
Green is being disingenuous at best when referring to the Agiza and Al-Zery case. He mentions the compensation paid but fails to add that not a single prosecution has taken place of any Swedish politician or official who carried out their part of the rendition, nor has there been any request for extradition of the CIA officers who carried out serious sexual assaults on Agiza and Al-Zery.
In the 2006 case the Swedish military boarded a plane carrying rendition victims. Instead of releasing the captives and arresting the torturers, they let the flight take off.
In other words Sweden gives immunity from prosecution and extradition when it suits them. I'm afraid Green has shot himself in the foot yet again. The New Statesman should apologise for publishing his special pleading.
It appears that all the Swedish court of appeals did was catagorize the allegations on the arrest warrant leading to a reduction of one offence to minor rape (there are 3 stages of rape in Sweden depending on the amount of force+injury).
BTW the lawyers who DAG cited did state that BOTH he and Greenwald were partly wrong. The government in Sweden is the first and the last to look at each extradition request (at least according to the website of the Swedish prosecution authority). But apart from that nothing would stop Sweden from respecting JA`s asylum to the point where they could agree to hand him over to Ecuador after legal proceedings in Sweden are over.
PS: It would be nice if DAG could stop blaming the obscure claims of JA`s former lawyer Mark Stevens on his supporters. I doubt that many people share them.
We are not afraid to entrust the American people with unpleasant facts, foreign ideas, alien philosophies, and competitive values. For a nation that is afraid to let its people judge the truth and falsehood in an open market is a nation that is afraid of its people.
John F. Kennedy
Craig Murray's interview on his website makes some disturbing points:
High level Whistleblowers are frequently accused of allegations of offences or misconduct to undermine public support for them
One of Assange's complainants has links to CIA funded groups
Sweden does not have a jury system for this offence but instead has a judge and two politically appointed jurors, one from each mainstream party in Sweden.
Craig Murray's fear is not that Assange will be extradited to the USA, but that he will be found guilty after a secret trial by malleable jurors. By the time he gets out of prison in 10 years, nobody will even remember who he is.
You don't deal with these as zombie facts. If they are zombie facts, please put a shovel in their heads.
excellent post.
thank you for writing this, and for all your words on this case that have always been clear, reasoned, researched and evidenced.
I'm sorry that writing about the legal process of this case has led to so many personal attacks being made against you. FWIW, i've always found the posts useful!
The central point that Greenwald made was that it was the executive not the courts that made the final extradition decision. It's pretty obvious from reading this article that David Allen Green knows he was wrong when he claimed the decision was made by the courts.
"It would be a matter for a Swedish court as to whether the government was in breach of its international obligations in ordering extradition."
^
international obligations should not be the domain of a single entity, in principle . I am not qualified in law. ~Gary Leach*
This I hope is not a binding.
To claim that a swedish court might rule that the government had breached it's international obligations by ordering extradition is a rather different point. As far as I am aware it's extradition treaty would not be breeched by it ordering extradition but by it NOT ordering extradition. The treaty does not prohibit extradition.
Moreover the Government only makes the final order once the Swedish Court has ruled.
If the Swedish extradition is enshrined in swedish domestic law then it would be within the Swedish courts jurisdiction to rule on swedish domestic law. Is that the claim you are making?
If however the treaty is a matter of international law only then it would be a matter for an international court after the government had made its decision.
I think you need to make clear whether you believe that the Swedish US extradition treaty forms part of Swedish domestic law. I spoke with Mark Klamberg about this and he seemed unsure.
'And the Swedish government is bound by international law in dealing with any United States extradition request (if one was ever made).'
The Swedish Government ignored international law in the rendition cases.
'It would be a matter for a Swedish court as to whether the government was in breach of its international obligations in ordering extradition. '
Nothing got as far as the Swedish courts in the rendition cases.
As in rendition, the final decision in extradition is made by the executive. As the Swedish Government website confirms.
Excellent post Mr. Green, as per usual.
Slightly off-topic, but I was wondering about this:
"Also Sweden (like the United Kingdom) is bound by EU and ECHR law not to extradite in circumstances where there is any risk of the death penalty or torture."
Hypothetically, if a suspected murderer escaped from the US and made it to Sweden, would this mean that Sweden would not be able to extradite him back to the states? (assuming that the state in which offence was comitted used the death penalty) It just seems somewhat counterintuitive.
What happens in such a case would depend on the authorities in the USA. There has been a case (rather many years ago) with a suspected murderer being extradited. As it was to Wisconsin, being abolitionstic since 1853, it was possible to get sufficient guarantees, for instance that capital punishment would not be an issue, This was before ”diplomatic insurances” or ”guarantees” became four-letter word and in the time when the USA upheld international agreements. Thus I suppose that today your suspected murderer would probably end up in the USA but the scrutiny of guarantees would be greater, especially from the public opinion.
A question rarely rised in the debate is Assange after Sweden. I would guess that if he came to Sweden he would have a reasonable trial, if the prosecutors decided that they had enough.. He's got high-quality lawyers to assure that laziness and routine would not be a problem. If he would be free so be it. If not – well I'm not a lawyer, but I would find it not unlikely that even if he had been found guilty of all charges, if he had stayed in Sweden he would have been free by now. But what to do after Sweden?
There was a case some years ago. The USA asked for the extradition of a suspected terrorist. Sweden refused. I think the reason was that the allegations was so flimsy and the terrorist ties so weak that they couldn't find any crime according to Swedish law, in which for instance conspiracy doesn't exists. Sadly the man took a plane southwards, I think he was going to the Mid-East. I was stopped at a tranfer in Prague and extradited to the USA. So, if Julian Assange goes to Sweden I don't think he'll be in danger there, but how is he going to Australia, Ecuador or anywhere without being risking being apprehended by the USA– if they really want him?
Well back-peddled, otherwise what a waste of time.
The Pål Wrange quote cited here totally contradicts what Allen Green originally said. Wrange says "the Government always makes the final decision," whereas Allen Green had originally claimed that "any final word on an extradition would (quite properly) be with an independent Swedish court." That was Glenn Greenwald's central argument and it has been skirted over here really quite disingenuously.
The Pål Wrange quote cited here totally contradicts what Allen Green originally said. Wrange says "the Government always makes the final decision," whereas Allen Green had originally claimed that "any final word on an extradition would (quite properly) be with an independent Swedish court." That was Glenn Greenwald central argument and it has been skirted over here really quite disingenuously.
tl;dr
Mr Green clearly has wet dreams about Assange languishing in prison for doing the job most journalists couldn't do. This case has little to do with sexual allegations, most serious journalists understand this, even if they aren't willing to say it in public for fear of being labelled some kind of rape sympathiser.
"Mr Green clearly has wet dreams about Assange languishing in prison for doing the job most journalists couldn't do. "
Technically, few people could create something like Wikileaks. In order to protect disclosers, Wikileaks provides a blind drop box and distribution system, plus a secondary system to publish leaks. It isn't trivial stuff and is thus probably beyond the skillset of traditional journalists.
But the sentence above implies that without Wikileaks we would be ignorant of war crimes, plundering and oppression. It is simply crass to disregard the foreign correspondents, local translators, local journalists, drivers etc who put their necks on the line to give us the facts.
In the brief window when Wikileaks worked well, collaborating with journalists at internationally respected newspapers to filter leaked diplomatic correspondence, Wikileaks confirmed that journalists had been telling the truth. They confirmed many of our suspicions.
Then Wikileaks blew away its credibility as an organisation. It leaked the names of government critics to a government that sought to oppress them. That, most definitely, is something that no self respecting journalist could ever voluntarily do.
Mr Green is being unfair because he couldn´t do what Assange did. I guess he believes because people do not get paid to have a conscience gives him the right. That is wrong.
Sorry, what?