Why are we arming the British Transport Police?
No good reasons or good evidence have been disclosed.
By David Allen Green Published 03 June 2011 17:07
When the government announced that the British Transport Police were going to gain "armed capability" it all seemed rather depressing.
In part, this adverse reaction was because the steady creep of arming civilian police officers was now almost complete, as the BTP is effectively the last police force without its own armed officers; in part, it was because of the memories of the killing of Jean Charles de Menezes at Stockwell Tube Station; and in part, it was because of the truth universally acknowledged that any uniformed person at a train station will invariably lack any common sense.
Accordingly, it was not news that was immediately encouraging, and it certainly was not something that made one feel safer.
However, one must put aside prejudices and see if such a significant development was needed.
One would think that there would be good reason for arming the BTP; that it must have been a thought through process.
Let's start with the ministerial statement, which reads:
The Government is committed to the security of the country and as such keeps our capabilities under constant review. As part of this, I am today announcing, with the agreement of my Right Honourable Friend the Home Secretary, that the security of the railways and London Underground will be further enhanced by the development of a British Transport Police (BTP) armed capability that will be deployed as appropriate in response to the terrorism threat level at any given time.
The Government has been considering the resilience of the overall police armed capability and has concluded that it would be beneficial to enhance this by providing the BTP with an armed capability of its own. The timing of this is not as a result of any specific threat: it is a sensible and pragmatic approach to ensuring that our police forces have the right resources to be able to respond as and when needed to protect the public.
By sanctioning the development of this armed capability, we will reduce the burden on other police forces which currently provide armed support to the BTP. This is not a major new capability in terms of overall armed policing, but by training BTP officers to carry out armed patrolling of the rail network it equips BTP with a capability already available to other police forces. Armed patrols will be deployed according to operational need - it will not be a daily event to see armed officers at stations.
We will continue to work with the BTP and others to assess the use of this capability and its effectiveness and impact. I would like to reassure Parliament that this is a measured and proportionate approach to supporting the BTP in maintaining public safety on the railway.
So it would appear that it is indeed for good reason: "considering the resilience of the overall police armed capability....beneficial to enhance this by providing the BTP with an armed capability of its own... a sensible and pragmatic approach... reduce the burden on other police forces... I would like to reassure Parliament that this is a measured and proportionate approach to supporting the BTP in maintaining public safety on the railway."
I asked the BTP how much this would cost:
£1.5m including procurement / training, ongoing costs are approximately £300,000 a year.
This is a significant amount, at least at a time of substantial budget cuts across central government.
One would thereby expect that the costs of the current practice of using armed officers as necessary from other police forces would have been costed. After all, the Minister had said that it was important to "reduce the burden on other police forces". I asked the BTP how much the current practice cost them:
Armed officers from other forces regularly respond to incidents on behalf of BTP. There is no cost to BTP.
Fair enough, I thought. Perhaps it is a cost for other police forces, and not the BTP. But at least the BTP could tell me how often they do call upon armed officers from other forces over the last few years.
BTP does not have this information immediately available.
This was astonishing.
I even waited a day or two to see if they could find out. One would think that given an expensive procurement exercise, and the wider public interest in arming the police, someone at the BTP would know.
But it would seem not: nobody appeared to have this information.
However, the BTP were going to arm their police and commit to a lengthy procurement exercise anyway.
I also asked about the evidence behind some of the other contentions which had been made for arming the BTP. For example, why was it contended that the sight of armed BTP officers would "reassure the public"? What particular evidence is there for this contention?
The primary purpose is to increase resilience, improve response and deter potential terrorists. We hope that the public will feel that everything is being done to ensure their safety and security, but we are very aware of the danger of alarming rather than reassuring them. The policing style will be important and we will be endeavouring to integrate armed patrols into normal policing.
So there was a "hope" but no evidence.
What about the contention that the officers will be "an added deterrent to potential terrorists"? What particular evidence was there for this contention?
The deployment of armed officers at vulnerable locations - whether that be airports or other potential targets for terrorism is a well established response to threat.
Again, no evidence.
Importantly, the ministerial statement does not pretend that there is any specific threat to which this is a response. On closer examination the sequence of bureaucratic assertions in the rest of the ministerial statement do not appear to have any real meaning either.
All that has happened is that the BTP have taken upon themselves to ask to be armed, and at significant expense, even though they seem to have no idea how often armed assistance as ever been required in the last few years. They can only "hope" that we will be reassured.
I asked the Department of Transport for whether armed police would become as common a sight at train stations as they are at airports. Their answer:
These will be operational decisions taken by the BTP.
But as BTP stated:
Armed patrols at transport locations are not new. They are seen daily at airports throughout the UK. The deployment of highly visible armed officers is a nationally recognised operational tactic designed to provide deterrence, immediate response and reassurance.
I also asked the Department of Transport whether this cross government policy was imposed on the BTP. No, it simply came from the BTP:
Last December the BTP submitted a request to the Government for approval to strengthen their resources with an armed capability. These proposals have been carefully considered across Government before this decision was taken.
The BTP had deployed the resource argument:
Until now, armed patrols have been provided by geographic forces, which in itself is a drain on specialist resource which is under increasing demand, particularly at times when threat is heightened or specific intelligence exists. As a result of this pressure on existing resources it has been agreed that there is a need to increase the number of officers available to provide armed patrols when required.
However, as we have seen, the BTP do not seem to know the extent of this "drain" and "increasing demand". And one rather suspects the Department of Transport do not know either, and has just accepted the BTP's word for it.
So we have more armed police, and at more expense, but not in respect of any specific threat or for any apparent operational need. It may well be that there is good reason and good evidence; but this has not been disclosed.
As it is, the introduction of armed officers at the BTP is consistent with them casually wanting to have an armed unit, and the Department of Transport just as casually nodding it through. Soon, just as casually, we will undoubtedly get used to armed police at train stations and boarding trains.
And then, one day, someone will get shot.
David Allen Green is legal correspondent of the New Statesman
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64 comments
Mr Giggs, In my police force area covering a large urban area and an extensive rural hinterland with about 100 miles of motorway, an international airport, a significant marine port and a resident population of about two million there are on average four armed police officers on patrol duty at any one time (although there are some others static at the airport). Is that too many? And where do you propose they get their food without offending your delicate sensibilities?
I don't think I have seen so much drivel in an article in my life.
The autor of the original statement obviously doesn'y know the first thing about the BTP, or has some personal dislike for them!
Yes, the BTP are nbot under the control of the Home Office (but the DoT), but the agreement for arming (which is long overdue) has to concensus of Govt, Home Office, the DoT, ACPO and from those within the policing fraternity who could easily have made any onjections known as the process was taking place.
To have control of your own environment, without need to request local police to attend with firearms (especially in London) is practical common sense.
Most of you posting on here want to get! real
The intended goals and level of visibility between BTP and government appear to be at odds.
The government statement: "it will not be a daily event to see armed officers at stations", contrasts with BTP's: "Armed patrols at transport locations are not new. [] The deployment of highly visible armed officers is a nationally recognised operational tactic designed to provide deterrence"
Is this to provide response capacity or deterrence?
The gap between these aims and statements leave me with no confidence that this is a considered measure, or that BTP is following the government stance.
... because the villans are getting nastier. Its no longer: 'Its a fair cop gov', instead they'll resist and go down fighting.
@Abie Vee
There are other types of terrorist attack aside from suicide bombings. This measure has been brought in due to the fears of a mumbai style attack where armed police would potentially deter or be able to limit the extent of an attack.
There was a period a few months back where an attack of this nature was seen as almost imminent until a drone attack took out the planners. Police forces were on high alert across Europe (particularly France) but in the UK senior officers knew if an attack took place on the rail network the BTP, whose job it is to protect it and who would likely have officers first on scene at a major rail hub, would be powerless. Then we'd be asking why wasn't there a quicker response.
In the year 2000, I was saying farewell to my parents at Gatwick Airport before flying off to a new life in Nicaragua. We were sat at a coffee shop. It was a quiet but emotional moment,and I was reflecting on the dangers that might lie in wait for me in Latin America when the silence was interrupted by a cry of fear: "Good grief" my mother shouted: "What's he doing with that great big gun?" I didn't realize she was talking about a police officer who was walking past behind me. Reassurance: where would we be without it?
Simple. There is anti-terrorism money to be farmed. The classic response in bean-counter driven system is 'spend it or lose it'.
As far as I'm aware Indian police are armed. Did that stop any of the bombings or shootings at rail stations? Spanish police are armed - ditto.
This gradual creep to a routinely armed police force in the UK is something I find very disturbing.
Not quite sure what all the fuss is about. Britain is one of the world's most violent developed countries. Of course the police should be armed.
roger armstrong. What a strange world you live in. This isn't about restricting free movement, it's about protecting the general public going about the lawful business. The only conspiracy is in your twisted mind!!
The article lacks objectivity and argument based on evdential fact in the second paragraph when the author states that anyone in uniform at a train station lacks common sense.
So why should anyone bother to give him the facts anyway when his writing is based on sterotypes and condesending dialogue?
By the way I do work in uniform at a train station, and no I dont read the Sun!!
David, you always undo reasonable opinions with bad research. This quote " the steady creep of arming civilian police officers was now almost complete" is so far from the truth it's ridiculous. I am a Police Constable working on the front line and go most shifts without seeing a taser let alone an armed cop. They're so rare that to make the statement you did was either a lie, or just irresponsible reporting.
@Des Demona
'As far as I'm aware Indian police are armed. Did that stop any of the bombings or shootings at rail stations?'
That's exactly why the authorities are so worried. Even in a country where police are routinely armed it still took a long time to get under control with scores of deaths. Granted, police in the UK would undoubtedly be better co-ordinated, but imagine how much more carnage could be caused when you have a police force that can't effectively respond because the small numbers of armed police can't get to the incident quick enough? Having officers whose responsibility is solely to guard vulnerable transport hubs in my mind is a good measure.
I completley disagree there's a gradual creep to a routinely armed police force (something which I oppose). It's just about adding a capability that's been anomalously lacking. There are considerably less armed police today then there were in the '70s.
The weapons are there to be used against us - or at least those of us who will revolt against the increasing economic (followed by military) repression. Of course 'DCI Taggart' thinks 'the more the merrier' because he's the type of Stasi/SS lackey paid by the masters to fire the guns.
And what is the purpose of the BTP? What next British Shops Police, British Filling Stations Police?
Becuase alot of BTP have been redeployed form all over teh country to London, It means that there's not alot of transport police in outer london,as such Boris plowed all the resources formOuterlondon Police into safer transport teams (to stop stabbings on the trians) what happened those after transport teams concentrated on the major train station in Outer london as theere wasn't any BTP to police them, this article in mentioning Jena Charles dememnez ,fails to emntion theat BTP "police buses adn roads too"
Well no doubt when there's an emergency they'll have to wait an hour for a train to take them where they need to go like the rest of us.
Seeing as cuts are supposedly needed how about cutting this lunacy, rather than officers?
freeman your an idiot
@DCI Taggert:
"The more armed officers the merrier to be honest..."
What, so more innocent people can be shot? Do you really want to add to a list that includes John Charles de Menezies, Harry Stanley, and Mohammed Abdul Kahar?
When all you anti-arming buffoons go abroad are you all shocked to see armed police there? Are you out in France or Spain every summer demonstrating against armed officers? Are the police in Europe shooting innocent people left right and centre?
No is the answer to all of those questions.
have I been banned from these pages? Can't post anything. Didn't think I was being remotely controversial.
Unlike some others who think we live in a police state. Can I post my rebuttal now?
@Fergus Pickering
I dunno, maybe innocent people. In the head. Five times.
No, apparently.
Mr Giggs, I have pondered this for a while and I confess that arming the police isn't a preference but does seem reasonable in light of the style of attacks we have seen and as has been mentioned the strategically important and vulnerable nature of the underground.
I spoke (argued) at length with my father today who disagrees with me and the points he made were:
- If we start to arm our police we could end up in a fascist state (hi reasoning being that the majority of police are thugs and you get enough thugs willing to obey orders you can oppress a populace)
- If we were to arm the police on the underground would we then need to place armed security outside hotels too (referring to Mumbai, although I feel this is flawed reasoning on his part)
- He also asked, then what, we place domes over every nuclear power station to prevent terrorism?
I think the crux of his point is "where does this end?" and although he didn't say it, do we as a nation really want to sleepwalk into a police state (although perhaps a moot point as we seem to already be there)
I feel arming the police willy nilly is dangerous and perhaps naive but it does concern me the response time we'd see and subsequent casualties were there to be a terrorist attack on the underground.
I suppose the alternative is to live with the threat of terrorism but know that on occasion there will be attacks with trade off being our freedom. Something many would say terrorism is trying (and thus far successfully) eroding.
Nick2, perhaps you're writing too much text, there seems to be an unspoken limit
May-be it's because our politicians fully understand the multiple threats we face, and our 'liberal' journalist don't!
Security guards used to have a whistle and kettle. The state has had to fetishize security across the board in preparation for increased intimidation.
Nick. Four in total sounds about right. One specialist team that is not overused and know that if they fire their weapons they're off the team for at least a year.
As to where they get their food, the station, or when not carrying weapons or when not on duty.
Staggering lack of research into how the BTP is funded, David. A lot of this will be recharged to Network Rail Infrastructure Limited and the franchised estate holders (the train operating companies) from their single till income (ie the non-grant element). Surely the scandal is not that we, the taxpayers, are spending more on guns (false, this would appear to reduce the burden) but that money we spend on train tickets, station toilets and a baguette from Upper Crust is going to this sort of thing.
I would say, after spending some time working with the BTP, there's a niggling suspicion that this has something to do with their collective lack of self-esteem derived from the belief that no other police force takes them seriously.
"The Government has been considering the resilience of the overall police armed capability and has concluded that it would be beneficial to enhance this by providing the BTP with an armed capability of its own."
THAT is the document I would like to see published. I'd also like to see a case-by-case analysis of events which may and may not have been "improved" by gun availability.
I don't care about the money; I do care about the public presence of lethal weapons.
If these steps are truly necessary, then publish the report so the naysayers (like myself) can simply read it and shut up.
Simple?
In the USA gangs have disarmed police and used police guns to commit crimes.
Let that be a lesson, more guns on the streets.
More innocent people killed then another police cover up and lies like seen with Stockwell tube station.
Its only a matter of when, not if.
Policing in this country, believe it or not, is still with the consent of the majority. Obviously some of you would rather take your chances with religious fanatics let loose with automatic weapons, or a deranged schoolboy in a cannabis induced frenzy (as in the U.S) than have a highly trained,regulated and accountable armed force, deployed for the communities protection. With the fall of the eastern block, and the amalgamation into the EC of most of the former eastern block states, more weapons than ever are finding their way onto our streets.
When there is a Mumbai style atrocity in this country, don't be alarmed. When one of your family doesn't come home from work, don't be alarmed. Remember, you stood on your soapbox and winged about those nasty policemen with guns.
Society gets the police it deserves. Enjoy it. I shall be retiring soon, and spending long lazy days in the sun, where all police are armed!
We have already seen misuse of taser guns. So we now give guns that will kill. What will the next police excuse be? "i was thinking i shot him with a taser" and again and again get away with it.
Police state? You do make me laugh you lefties.We are the most analysed public service there has ever been.
Are France or Spain police states? Even bank security guards are armed there and you still go in to swop your Euros don't you without fainting ?
Given that most of the serious terrorist incidents that have taken place in the UK in recent years have taken place on public transport - an obvious target - it's seems a sensible development that the transport police ought now to have an armed capability.
It is easy to make "news" out of disecting ministerial statements, but this is a simple, commonsense move.
This comment is not intended to add to the wider argument about the arming of police generally, but surely the question of distribution of armed capabilities throughout the forces is neither here nor there.
Because of muslim terror merchants have you not heard of Mumbai you madman!
How does arming the police reduce danger to the public? Terror attacks are a rare event. There not a excuse to turn this country into a police state. The fact the police repeatedly get way with assault and murder, is reason enough not to give anymore weapons.
Mr Giggs, I agree with you about the numbers. Outside of London, which is wholly unrepresentative of the rest of the UK in almost every respect, including policing, the level of deployment would be roughly the same wherever you went. I can't say I agree with your condition on discharging a weapon. It seems disproportionate and as if you have not really thought through the consequences of yout proposal, even though you are clearly capable of doing so. What do you think it would achieve, other than poor morale, difficulty in filling posts, decreased resilience requiring more officers to be trained and consequently extra training costs?
I'm curious about the food issue though. You sound like a reasonable, intelligent person. Why don't you like seeing police officers in shops or food outlets (armed or otherwise)? Most chief constables encourage patrolling officers to obtain and/or eat their food in public to increase visibility. I know the great British public don't always like it, but it doesn't seem to upset the Americans. Can you tell me what it is you don't like about it?
Please define "repeatedly".
I don't suppose you mind all the scum gangs being armed and you are happy for an unarmed officer to protect you? It's not you that's risking your life is it?
Moshi, I share your fear about more guns on the street, and you are right that many murdered American police are shot with their own weapons, but "cover up" and "lies" about Stockwell? There was very public enquiry, followed by a prosecution (and conviction) of the Metropolitan Police as a body corporate. The wrong information about the incident in its immediate aftermath did not originate with the police but was passed on by them after receiving it from other sources. Not checking the info for veracity was a serious mistake, but doesn't amount to lying.
This is not about arming the police. The regular police are already armed when required, and are already called as needed to transport incidents.
It is about arming the British Transport Police, who do not seem to be accountable to the Home Office.
If the BTP (in London) had been merged with the regular police (as had been considered but rejected by the Department of Transport) these proposals would make sense (but be unnecessary).
So: why do we need the BTP as a distinct entity at all? Shouldn't they simply be a branch of the regular police, with the same lines of accountability to the electorate?
Will we be seeing armed BTP on the buses, tackling school gangs?
And next will we be arming the Parks Police?
I wholeheartedly agree with the tone of this article... well said David. There is not a shred of evidence that armed policemen are able to deter terrorists and, when you think about it, the proposition itself is quite preposterous... like "Ooh, I won't blow myself to smithereens on a train, in case I get shot!" Neither is there any record of an armed policeman halting an attack in progress anywhere in the world, outside the fevered imagination of Hollywood.
So what we have here is another fine example of a "Headline-grabbing Initiative" (better known as "Bollocks")so beloved of the duplicitous Blair and his spinmeisters.
I can't tell you how depressing it is to live in this infantile country.
Aleex for the police to get away with assault it would have to be proved that an individual offcer was at fault and B, that, that assault was unlawful,IE acting in self defence when the police have to shoot dead someone with a gun who won't put it down.
I'm genuinely surprised that no one else has mentioned that arming BTP is just a natural extension of the police state that we live in. Police are no longer tasked with solving crimes and supporting communities but gathering intelligence for corporate use and quelling free speech. It's obvious BTP is being armed to further restrict the movement of the populace.
Roger, I don't know which country you live in, but it's clearly not the UK.
I think this is good news. The BTP are not some kind of quasi-police force that many people seem to think. It is a fully fledged police force that has become very well respected in the police community on a variety of issues (Public Order policing & Terrorism response amongst others).
The addition of an armed capacity is in direct response to the increased threat of a mumbai like attack where high density hubs like railway stations are prime targets. In that situation an armed presence is likely to prove a deterrent and at the same time an immediate armed response to such an eventuality would make a huge difference considering the potential to cause such high levels of death.
At the moment the Home Office forces have their own priorities, and providing armed officers for routine duties on the railway isn't one of them. Giving BTP a capability basically means these new officers are ring fenced for the protection of the traveling public.
@morungos, the BTP is accountable for its actions. It has its own Police Authority for oversight and is still governed by legislation the same as any other force. As to why we need a specialist force for the railway, maybe you should look at the report that recommended the retention of the BTP for answers. One of those reasons is that railway crime by its nature is cross border and having a national force is a huge advantage.
Nick you're deluded, go back to Britain's Got Talent, the premiership & your Olympic ticket bids.
I see protesters arrested by plain clothed snatch squads for singing and dancing, a limited company (ACPO) getting police officers to infiltrate protest groups on behalf of corporations, free speech outlawed on the day of the 'royal' wedding, kettling.
"the truth universally acknowledged that any uniformed person at a train station will invariably lack any common sense"
That's a petty, low shot to make. Try harder. And that's coming from someone who can be found on occasion to be uniformed in a train station (the difference being I volunteer for it)
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